Air pollution and hospital admissions in Sydney, Australia, 1990 to 1994.

Morgan, Geoffrey G.; Corbett, Stephen; Wlodarczyk, John

doi:10.2105/ajph.88.12.1761

Cited by 147 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown no consistent effects of PM 10 and PM 2.5 on asthma hospitalization. A study conducted in Sydney, Australia, from 1990 to 1994 (33) indicated no significant effects of fine particulate (~PM 2.0 ) on asthma hospitalization for both children and adults. Another study from Birmingham, England (2), where the maximum level of PM 10 (130.9 µg/m 3 ) exceeded the levels found in Toronto (Table 1) and Seattle (12) by over 30%, also showed no significant effect of PM 10 on asthma hospitalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ambient coarse particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in children: case-crossover and time-series analyses.

Lin

Chen

Burnett

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

175

101

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In this study, we used both case-crossover and time-series analyses to assess the associations between size-fractionated particulate matter and asthma hospitalization among children 6-12 years old living in Toronto between 1981 and 1993. Specifically, we used exposures averaged over periods varying from 1 to 7 days to assess the effects of particulate matter on asthma hospitalization. We calculated estimates of the relative risk of asthma hospitalization adjusted for daily weather conditions (maximum and minimum temperatures, and average relative humidity) for an incremental exposure corresponding to the interquartile range in particulate matter. Both bidirectional case-crossover and time-series analyses revealed that coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) averaged over 5-6 days was significantly associated with asthma hospitalization in both males and females. The magnitude of this effect appeared to increase with increasing number of days of exposure averaging for most models, with the relative risk estimates stabilizing at about 6 days. Using a bidirectional case-crossover analysis, the estimated relative risks were 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02, 1.28] for males and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02, 1.36) for females, for an increment of 8.4 microg/m(3) in 6-day averages of PM10-2.5. The corresponding relative risk estimates were 1.10 and 1.18, respectively, when we used time-series analysis. The effect of PM10-2.5 remained positive after adjustment for the effects of the gaseous pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). We did not find significant effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) or of thoracic particulate matter (PM10) on asthma hospitalizations using either of these two analytic approaches. For the most part, relative risk estimates from the unidirectional case-crossover analysis were more pronounced compared with both bidirectional case-crossover and time-series analyses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ambient coarse particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in children: case-crossover and time-series analyses.

Lin

Chen

Burnett

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

175

101

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“…High ambient levels of air pollution have been linked to infant mortality and hospital admissions for cardiac, pulmonary, and cerebral vascular disease (Ponka & Virtanen, 1996;Morgan, Corbett, & Wlodarczyk, 1998;Morris, Naumara & Muasmghe, 1995). After adjusting for smoking (itself a major toxic pollutant responsible for increasing, widespread death and disability) and other risk factors, Dockery et al (1993) found a strong association between fine dust particulate air pollution and mortality from lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases.…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and health consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice

Donohoe

2003

Social Science & Medicine

120

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“…Although the health effects of short-term PM exposures are not well understood, several recent studies have correlated disease symptoms with increased ambient short-term PM. Asthma symptoms have been associated with 1-and 8-h maximum PM 10 concentrations (Delfino et al, 1998), increased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospital admissions with 1-h fine particle concentrations (Morgan et al, 1998), and decreased heart rate variability in elderly subjects with 4-h mean PM 2.5 concentrations (Gold et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated personal exposure to particulate matter from human activities in a residence

Ferro

Kopperud

Hildemann

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

150

118

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Continuous laser particle counters collocated with time-integrated filter samplers were used to measure personal, indoor, and outdoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations for a variety of prescribed human activities during a 5-day experimental period in a home in Redwood City, CA, USA. The mean daytime personal exposures to PM 2.5 and PM 5 during prescribed activities were 6 and 17 times, respectively, as high as the pre-activity indoor background concentration. Activities that resulted in the highest exposures of PM 2.5 , PM 5 , and PM 10 were those that disturbed dust reservoirs on furniture and textiles, such as dry dusting, folding clothes and blankets, and making a bed. The vigor of activity and type of flooring were also important factors for dust resuspension. Personal exposures to PM 2.5 and PM 5 were 1.4 and 1.6 times, respectively, as high as the indoor concentration as measured by a stationary monitor. The ratio of personal exposure to the indoor concentration was a function of both particle size and the distance of the human activity from the stationary indoor monitor. The results demonstrate that a wide variety of indoor human resuspension activities increase human exposure to PM and contribute to the ''personal cloud'' effect.

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Air pollution and hospital admissions in Sydney, Australia, 1990 to 1994.

Abstract: Recent reviews indicate that ambient air pollution has important short-term effects on human health.'3 A number of epidemiological studies indicate that these effects occur at levels below existing air quality guidelines.4

Cited by 147 publications

References 30 publications

The influence of ambient coarse particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in children: case-crossover and time-series analyses.

The influence of ambient coarse particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in children: case-crossover and time-series analyses.

Causes and health consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice

Elevated personal exposure to particulate matter from human activities in a residence

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