Air Pollution and Public Health: A Guidance Document for Risk Managers

Craig, Lorraine; Brook, Jeffrey R.; Chiotti, Q.; Croes, Bart; Gower, Stephanie; Hedley, A. J.; Krewski, Daniel; Krupnick, Alan; Krzyżanowski, Michał; Moran, Michael D.; Pennell, W. T.; Samet, Jonathan M.; Schneider, Jürgen; Shortreed, J H; Martin, Williams

doi:10.1080/15287390801997732

Cited by 123 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…Health effects have been associated predominately with at least one of the so-called criteria pollutants that are routinely measured to assess air quality in most cities around the world. Ozone and PM represent a common persistent problem in several cities, with important effects on public health (Craig et al, 2008). Although recent attention has been brought towards understanding the role of multipollutants interactions in air pollution related health effects (Mauderly and Samet, 2009), current methodological approaches have focused on ozone (Samoli et al, 2009) and, more importantly, in PM as the criteria pollutant with stronger associations with most of the described health effects.…”

Section: Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

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Abstract. MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) -one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city -was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities.The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City duringCorrespondence to: L. T. Molina (ltmolina@mit.edu) March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition and chemistry that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. L. T. Molina et al.: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformationIn this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 Campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented.

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Section: Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

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“…The other studies have shown that reductions in life expectancy of 1.11 years in the Netherlands, 1.37 years in Finland, and 0.80 year in Canada resulting from increases in ambient PM 2.5 concentrations of 10 µg/m 3 [20,21]. Longterm exposure to PM is particularly damaging to human health and reduces life expectancy, that is why reducing long-term PM concentrations and exposure is a priority [21,22].…”

Section: Relation Between Air Pollution and Life Expectancy (Lle)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health

Marchwińska-Wyrwał¹,

Dziubanek²,

Hajok³

et al. 2011

The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources

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“…30 Among the environmental exposures that may induce inflammation and oxidative stress leading to central nervous system pathology, air pollution may be considered as the most prevalent source. 31 The 2 possible pathways in which PM can affect neurocognitive function are (1) oxidative stress induced by respiratory intake of PM and the penetration of the inflammatory compounds into the blood-brain barrier 32 ; (2) direct entry of PM into the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb.…”

Section: Biological Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution and Ischemic Stroke Among Young Adults

Yitshak‐Sade

Novack

Ifergane

et al. 2015

Stroke

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We have recently presented a new method of assessing spatiotemporal resolved PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposures 18,19 in the Negev (South Israel)-a semi-arid area, located in the global dust belt, which extends from West Africa to the Arabian Desert. 20 Unlike many commonly used exposure models, our model makes use of satellite aerosol optical depth measurements, which allowed us to estimate daily, spatially resolved, PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentration with the inclusion of populations in rural areas not living nearby monitoring stations.Stroke in older patients is mostly related to atherosclerosis. 21 In the young, however, stroke is less common, and the cause is much more diverse and often unexplained. 21 We hypothesize that PM exposure is positively associated with stroke, especially among young adults. Methods Study PopulationWe included all Clalit Health Services members with available geocoded addresses in Southern Israel, admitted to Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) with hemorrhagic (International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision [ICD9] 430-432) or ischemic stroke (ICD9 432-435) between the years 2005 and 2012. SUMC is the only medical center providing acute neurological care in the area, serving a population of ≈1 million residents; therefore, all the patients with stroke are referred to SUMC. Clalit Health Service is the largest health care provider in the area, covering ≈70% of the population. To avoid within subject correlation among recurrent events, we used only the first stroke event, within the study period, for each subject. 22Background and Purpose-Studies have demonstrated consistent associations between cardiovascular illness and particulate matter (PM) <10 and <2.5 μm in diameter, but stroke received less attention. We hypothesized that air pollution, an inflammation progenitor, can be associated with stroke incidence in young patients in whom the usual risk factors for stroke are less prevalent. We aimed to evaluate the association between stroke incidence and exposure to PM <10 and <2.5 μm, in a desert area characterized by a wide range of PM. Methods-We included all members of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel, who were admitted to a local hospital with stroke between 2005 and 2012. Exposure assessment was based on a hybrid model incorporating daily satellite remote sensing data at 1-km spatial resolution. We performed case-crossover analysis, stratified by personal characteristics and distance from main roads.

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Air Pollution and Public Health: A Guidance Document for Risk Managers

Cited by 123 publications

References 194 publications

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health

Air Pollution and Ischemic Stroke Among Young Adults

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