Air pollution and urban structure linkages: Evidence from European cities

Rodríguez, Miguel Cárdenas; Dupont-Courtade, Laura; Oueslati, Walid

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.190

Cited by 240 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, wind not only dissipates air pollutants in the city, but also transports pollutants from industrial areas to urban areas [12,20]. Compact cities with mixed land uses were reported to have less transportation emissions than sprawl cities [17,21], but also could trap more air pollutants from urban construction, thereby leading to higher pollution concentrations [22]. Bechle et al (2011) [6] found that air pollution levels first increased with rising income levels (GDP per capita), and then decreased when GDP per capita exceeded $30,000, an observation that seems consistent with the Environmental Kuznets' Curve [23].…”

Section: Study Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CLUMPY and AI measure the degrees of clumping and the aggregation of built-up areas. The main justification for choosing these 10 metrics is that they have been widely used to characterize the spatial extent, fragmentation, shape complexity, and connectivity of urban landscapes [41][42][43][44][45][46][47], and have been related to urban air pollution in previous studies [6,16,17,21,22,24,26,48]. All these urban class-level metrics were computed using FRAGSTATS v4.2 [49], based on land use/cover data in 2010 with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km.…”

Section: Urban Form Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also found that high-income cities (per capita GDP) experienced lower residential emissions. This might result from tighter environmental regulations and more public expenditures for lowering air pollutants emissions in high-income cities [22]. Moreover, sprawling cities, with higher patch density, lower mean patch size, and smaller largest patch index of built-up area, tended to generate more emissions of air pollutants due to its lower energy use efficiency than compact cities.…”

Section: Effects Of Climatic Socioeconomic and Urban Form Factors Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More sunshine hours in winter can increase surface temperature and enhance temperature gradients in the vertical direction, thus helping the dissipation of air pollution [51,52]. From an urban form perspective, cities with high shape complexity (higher AWMFD) may decrease accessibility and enhance mobility needs and emissions of air pollutants, and are expected to have higher air pollution levels [22].…”

Section: How Did Effects Of Climatic Socioeconomic and Urban Form Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, air pollution and its spatiotemporal patterns are influenced by a number of socioeconomic and environmental factors [6,16,21,22,[24][25][26][27][28]. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying drivers of air pollution in China's cities is still lacking from multiple perspectives (air pollutant emissions and concentrations) and time scales (year and season).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

Liu

2018

Sustainability

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China's tremendous economic growth during the past three decades has resulted in worsening air quality in most of its cities. However, the spatiotemporal patterns and underlying drivers of air pollution in China remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we used stepwise regression to identify major socioeconomic, climatic, and urban form factors influencing air pollution in 69 major cities across China. Our results showed that social factors such as population size and density were positively correlated with emissions of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO x , and SO 2 . Economic factors such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP of secondary industry were positively correlated with industry and transportation emissions but negatively correlated with residential emissions of air pollutants. Urban form attributes such as measures of urban fragmentation and contiguity were important in explaining patterns of emissions from residential, power generation, and transportation sectors. As for climatic factors, higher precipitation, higher wind speed, and higher temperatures were all negatively correlated with air pollution levels. We also found that the effects of socioeconomic, climatic, and urban from factors on air pollution levels varied considerably among seasons and between the annual and seasonal scales. Our findings have useful implications for urban planning and management for controlling air pollution in China and beyond.

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Section: Study Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urban Form Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Climatic Socioeconomic and Urban Form Factors Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Did Effects Of Climatic Socioeconomic and Urban Form Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

Liu

2018

Sustainability

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Human Circulatory/Respiratory‐Inspired Comprehensive Air Purification System

Jeong,

Shin,

Kim

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The circulatory and respiratory systems in humans are marvels of biological engineering that exhibit competence in maintaining homeostasis. These systems not only shield the organism from external contaminants but also orchestrate the vital gases via the bloodstream to sustain cellular respiration and metabolic processes across diverse tissues. It is noticed that spaces inhabited encounter challenges akin to those of the human body: protecting the indoor air from external pollutants while removing anthropogenic byproducts like carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matters (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) tooutside. A biomimetic approach, composed of a microbubble‐based gas exchanger and circulating liquid inspired by alveoli, capillary beds, and bloodstream of the human circulatory/respiratory system, offer an innovative solution for comprehensive air purification of hermetic spaces. Circulatory/respiratory‐inspired air purification system (CAPS) ensure both continuous removal of PM and exchange of gas species between indoor and outdoor environments to maintain homeostasis. The effectiveness of this system is also supported by animal behavior experiments with and without CAPS, showing an effect of reducing CO2 concentration by 30% and increasing mice locomotor activity by 53%. CAPS is expected to evolve into robust and comprehensive air purification schemes through the networked integration of plural internal and external environments.

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Assessment of reference evapotranspiration across an arid urban environment having poor data monitoring system

Shafieiyoun

Gheysari

Khiadani

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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Estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in urban areas is challenging but essential in arid urban climates. To evaluate ET0 in an urban environment and non‐urban areas, air temperature and relative humidity were measured at five different sites across the arid city of Isfahan, Iran, over 4 years. Wind speed and sunshine hours were obtained from an urban surrounding weather station over the same period and used to estimate ET0. Calculated ET0 was compared with satellite‐based ET0 retrieved from the MOD16A2 PET product. Although MODIS PET was strongly correlated with the Valiantzas equation, it overestimated ET0 and showed average accuracy (r = 0.93–0.94, RMSE = 1.18–1.28 mm/day, MBE = 0.73–0.84 mm/day). The highest ET0 differences between an urban green space and a non‐urban area were 1.1 and 0.87 mm/day, which were estimated by ground measurements and MODIS PET, respectively. The sensitivity of ET0 to wind speed and sunshine hours indicated a significant effect on cumulative ET0 at urban sites compared to the non‐urban site, which has a considerable impact on the amount of irrigation required in those areas. Although MODIS PET requires improvement to accurately reflect field level microclimate conditions affecting ET0, it is beneficial to hydrological applications and water resource managers especially in areas where data is limited. In addition, our results indicated that using limited data methods or meteorological data from regional weather stations, leads to incorrect estimation of ET0 in urban areas. Therefore, decision‐makers and urban planners should consider the importance of precisely estimating ET0 to optimize management of urban green space irrigation, especially in arid and semi‐arid climates such as the city of Isfahan.

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Air pollution and urban structure linkages: Evidence from European cities

Cited by 240 publications

References 28 publications

Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

Human Circulatory/Respiratory‐Inspired Comprehensive Air Purification System

Assessment of reference evapotranspiration across an arid urban environment having poor data monitoring system

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