Air pollution at an urban traffic tunnel in Lisbon, Portugal—an INAA study

Almeida-Silva, Marina; Canha, Nuno; Freitas, M. C.; Dũng, Hồ Mạnh; Dionísio, I.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.01.014

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The second PC was dominated by Sb, Zn and EC, explaining 21 % of the variance. These elements were reported elsewhere to be defined as traffic fingerprints (Calvo et al 2013;Almeida-Silva et al 2011). Sea spray is clearly represented in PC3, by Cl − (0.90), Na + (0.91) and Mg 2+ (0.93).…”

Section: Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elements that presented higher concentration during the day are essentially * w Significant difference between indoor and outdoor in warm campaign: for p value < 0.05; * c significant difference between indoor and outdoor in cold campaign: for p value < 0.05; δ significant difference between day and night: for p-value < 0.05; ψ significant difference between warm and cold campaigns: for p value < 0.05. associated with dust re-suspension (Fe) (Almeida et al, 2008;Almeida-Silva et al, 2011) and dispersed road dust, exhaust break wear, tyres and motor oil (Zn and Sb) (Sternbeck et al 2002;Zechmeister et al 2005Zechmeister et al , 2006Almeida et al 2009b;Ayrault et al 2010). These results prove the influence of the airport and the highways to the high concentration of outdoor anthropogenic sources measured in the studied area, because not only the number of vehicles decrease during the night period but also the air traffic (wind direction and velocity were explained in sub-chapter 3.2.2).…”

Section: Pm Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source apportionment of indoor PM10 in Elderly Care Centre

Almeida-Silva

Faria

Saraga

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Source contribution to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been exhaustively modelled. However, people spend most of their time indoors where this approach is less explored. This evidence worsens considering elders living in Elderly Care Centres, since they are more susceptible. The present study aims to investigate the PM composition and sources influencing elderly exposure. Two 2-week sampling campaigns were conducted-one during early fall (warm phase) and another throughout the winter (cold phase). PM10 were collected with two TCR-Tecora(®) samplers that were located in an Elderly Care Centre living room and in the correspondent outdoor. Chemical analysis of the particles was performed by neutron activation analysis for element characterization, by ion chromatography for the determination of water soluble ions and by a thermal optical technique for the measurement of organic and elemental carbon. Statistical analysis showed that there were no statistical differences between seasons and environments. The sum of the indoor PM10 components measured in this work explained 57 and 53 % of the total PM10 mass measured by gravimetry in warm and cold campaigns, respectively. Outdoor PM10 concentrations were significantly higher during the day than night (p value < 0.05), as well as Ca(2+), Fe, Sb and Zn. The contribution of indoor and outdoor sources was assessed by principal component analysis and showed the importance of the highways and the airport located less than 500 m from the Elderly Care Centre for both indoor and outdoor air quality.

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Section: Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pm Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of indoor PM10 in Elderly Care Centre

Almeida-Silva

Faria

Saraga

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…This finding indicates the existence of common indoor and outdoor sources for these elements, which affirms the contribution of outdoor in indoor environment. Elements such as Ca, La, and Sm are usually associated with soil sources (Almeida et al, 2008;Canha et al, 2012b), while As, Sb, Yb, and Zn are associated with anthropogenic sources such as traffic sources (Almeida-Silva et al, 2011b;Calvo et al, 2013), namely, mechanical abrasion of tires and brakes. Data showing no marked difference between indoor and outdoor concentrations were observed for all elements, indicating a similar accumulation behavior of biomonitors in both environments.…”

Section: A B O a B O A B O A B O A B O A B O A B O A B O A B O A B O mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor and Outdoor Biomonitoring Using Lichens at Urban and Rural Primary Schools

Canha¹,

Almeida²,

Freitas³

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Monitoring particulate matter (PM) and its chemical constituents in classrooms is a subject of special concern within the scientific community in order to control and minimize child exposure. Regulatory sampling methods have presented several limitations in their application to larger number of classrooms due to operational and financial constraints. Consequently, passive sampling methodologies using filters were developed for indoor sampling. However, such methodologies could not provide parallel information for outdoors, which is important to identify pollution sources and assess outdoor contribution to the indoors. Therefore, biomonitoring with transplanted lichens, a technique usually applied for outdoor studies, was used both indoor and outdoor of classrooms. Three main objectives were proposed, to (i) characterize simultaneously indoor and outdoor of classrooms regarding inorganic air pollutants, (ii) investigate spatial patterns of lichen conductivity, and (iii) assess pollution sources that contribute to a poor indoor air quality in schools. Lichens Flavoparmelia caperata were transplanted to indoor and outdoor of classrooms for 59 d. After exposure, electric conductivity of lichens leachate was measured to evaluate lichen vitality and cell damage. Outdoors lichen conductivity was higher near the main highways, and indoors there was great variability in levels, which indicates different emissions sources and different ventilation patterns. Chemical content of lichens was assessed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and As, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Th, Yb, and Zn were determined. Element accumulation, crustal enrichment factors, and spatial variability of elements were analyzed and contaminants from anthropogenic sources, such as traffic (As, Sb, and Zn) and indoor chalk (Ca) found. Classrooms with potential indoor air quality problems were identified by presenting higher accumulations of inorganic pollutants in exposed biomonitors.

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“…The EF of Zn is around 10 (9.9), furthermore, the very low correlation between Zn which has multiple anthropogenic sources (as a component of tire rubber debris) (Almeida et al, 2011b), and other trace elements like Gd, Mn, Cl, Sm, Br, La, Sb and Ca suggests yet other sources for them, noticed previously by Sternbeck et al (2002). The reliability of these inter-element interactions and their exact meaning requires further evaluation.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 93%