Air Pollution, Climate, and Heart Disease

Gold, Diane R.; Samet, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.003988

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…PM exposure has been associated with short-term increases in hospital admissions for many health outcomes, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory tract infections (mainly pneumonia), cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases (especially myocardial infarction (MI)), heart failure and arrhythmia. All the studies support the hypothesis that high levels of PM are associated with short-term increase in hospital admissions for exacerbation of the disease in a susceptible population (Dominici et al 2006; Gold and Samet 2013; Medina-Ramon et al 2006b; Peters et al 2000; Rich et al 2004; Vedal et al 2004; Wellenius et al 2006; Zanobetti and Schwartz 2005; Zanobetti and Schwartz 2006; Zanobetti et al 2000). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Cardiorespiratory treatments as modifiers of the relationship between particulate matter and health: A case-only analysis on hospitalized patients in Italy

Conti

Lafranconi

Zanobetti³

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Background A few panel and toxicological studies suggest that health effects of particulate matter (PM) might be modified by medication intake, but whether this modification is confirmed in the general population or for more serious outcomes is still unknown. Objectives We carried out a population-based pilot study in order to assess how pre-hospitalization medical treatments modify the relationship between PM < 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and the risk of cardiorespiratory admission. Methods We gathered information on hospitalizations for cardiorespiratory causes, together with pre-admission pharmacological treatments, that occurred during 2005 in seven cities located in Lombardy (Northern Italy). City-specific PM10 concentrations were measured at fixed monitoring stations. Each treatment of interest was analyzed separately through a case-only approach, using generalized additive models accounting for sex, age, comorbidities, temperature and simultaneous intake of other drugs. Analyses were stratified by season and, if useful, by age and sex. Results Our results showed a higher effect size for PM10 on respiratory admissions in subjects treated with theophylline (Odds Ratio (OR) of treatment for an increment of 10 µg/m3 in PM10 concentration: 1.119; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.013 – 1.237), while for cardiovascular admissions treatment with cardiac therapy (OR: 0.967, 95% CI, 0.940 – 0.995) and lipid modifying agents (OR: 0.962, 95% CI, 0.931 – 0.995) emerged as a protective factor, especially during the warm season. Evidence of a protective effect against the pollutant was found for glucocorticoids and respiratory admissions. Conclusions Our study showed that the treatment with cardiac therapy and lipid modifying agents might mitigate the effect of PM10 on cardiovascular health, while the use of theophylline seems to enhance the effect of the pollutant, possibly due to confounding by indication. It is desirable to extend the analyses to a larger population.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Cardiorespiratory treatments as modifiers of the relationship between particulate matter and health: A case-only analysis on hospitalized patients in Italy

Conti

Lafranconi

Zanobetti³

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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“…Much research has shown that air pollution exposure increases the risk of mortality (Welty and Zeger 2005;Breitner et al 2011), morbidity (Schleicher et al 2011;Gold and Samet 2013), hospital admissions (Lall et al 2011), outpatient visits (Guo et al 2010), and diminished life expectancy and longevity (Wang et al 2014). Early-life exposure to ambient air pollution may increase the risk of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants (Aguilera et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient air quality and the effects of air pollutants on otolaryngology in Beijing

Zhang

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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To investigate temporal patterns, pollution concentrations and the health effects of air pollutants in Beijing we carried out time-series analyses on daily concentrations of ambient air pollutants and daily numbers of outpatient visits for otolaryngology over 2 years (2011)(2012) to identify possible health effects of air pollutants. The results showed that PM 10 was the major air pollutant in Beijing and that air quality was slightly better in 2012 than in 2011. Seasonal differences were apparent for SO 2 and NO 2 . Both the background and urban areas of Beijing experienced particulate matter pollution in 2011. In addition to local air pollution, Beijing was also affected by pollutants transported from other regions, especially during heavy air pollution episodes. PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 concentrations showed positive associations with numbers of outpatient visits for otolaryngology during winter. NO 2 and SO 2 also had adverse ear, nose, and throat health effects outside of winter. The ear, nose, and throat health risks caused by air pollutants were higher during the winter than during the summer. NO 2 had stronger influence on increased the likelihood of outpatient visits than SO 2 . The findings provide additional information about air quality and health effects of air pollution in Beijing.

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“…Since the 1990s, many epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between air pollution levels and human health in terms of hospital admissions and cardiovascular mortality, with the largest effects observed after years or decades of chronic exposure [27][28][29] . However, …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental triggers of acute myocardial infarction: results of a nationwide multiple-factorial population study

et al. 2015

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Air Pollution, Climate, and Heart Disease

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Cardiorespiratory treatments as modifiers of the relationship between particulate matter and health: A case-only analysis on hospitalized patients in Italy

Cardiorespiratory treatments as modifiers of the relationship between particulate matter and health: A case-only analysis on hospitalized patients in Italy

Ambient air quality and the effects of air pollutants on otolaryngology in Beijing

Environmental triggers of acute myocardial infarction: results of a nationwide multiple-factorial population study

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