Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan

Wang, Shu Yuan; Cheng, You; Guo, How‐Ran; Tseng, Yen-Cheng

doi:10.3390/ijerph18189784

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Wang et al found that gas pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) could influence the whole pregnancy and markedly add to the danger of neonatal DDs through a random-sample survey of 1 million people, hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.39 (1.22-1.58) and 1.93 (1.55-2.39), respectively. But no relevancy between sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and DDs was detected in this study [72] .…”

Section: Congenital Hydrocephaluscontrasting

confidence: 60%

The effect of living environment on developmental disorders in cold regions

Liu

Wang

2023

Frigid Zone Medicine

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Developmental disorders (DDs) are a kind of chronic maladies, which can cause serious irreversible detriment to children's physical and mental health. It is predominantly regulated by the interaction of environment and heredity. Cold regions are mainly located in the high latitudes of China. Their living environment is characterized by frequent cold wave, huge temperature difference, severe air pollution, high calorie diet, less exercise, smoking, drinking, etc. In recent years, substantial advances have been made in studies of the correlation between the living environment features in cold regions and the DDs. Accordingly, this article reviews the impact of the peculiar living environment of cold regions on DDs, with a view to provide fresh prevention strategies for reducing the morbidity of DDs in China cold regions by ameliorating living environment.

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Section: Congenital Hydrocephaluscontrasting

confidence: 60%

The effect of living environment on developmental disorders in cold regions

Liu

Wang

2023

Frigid Zone Medicine

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“…Some studies found exposure to CO and NO 2 may associate with immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation (Kalkbrenner et al, 2014;Kelly, 2003). However, others believe that these air pollutants are more likely to be surrogates of traffic-related air pollution rather than a direct cause of neuroinflammation and early neuroimmune system activation (Kim et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies found exposure to CO and NO 2 may associate with immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation (Kalkbrenner et al., 2014 ; Kelly, 2003 ). However, others believe that these air pollutants are more likely to be surrogates of traffic‐related air pollution rather than a direct cause of neuroinflammation and early neuroimmune system activation (Kim et al., 2014 ; Wang et al., 2021 ). More clinical studies on examining the impact of more complex traffic‐related pollutants like secondary pollutants formed in the atmosphere and non‐combustion emissions on early activation of the immune system and neuroinflammation are strongly recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and autism spectrum disorders: Results from a family‐based case‐control study

2022

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Background Autism prevalence has increased considerably, but its etiology is still poorly understood. While there have been suggestions regarding associations between air pollution exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders, several studies have looked at the effect of air pollution exposure on autism. However, the results are inconsistent. The possible role of unknown confounders is mainly blamed for this inconsistency. Methods To minimize confounding effects, we evaluated the impact of air pollution exposure on autism using a family‐based case‐control study. Cases were individuals with a diagnosis of autism born between 2009 and 2012 in Isfahan city, Iran. The controls did not have a previous history of autism and were cousins of the case person. The controls were matched with the autistic cases in terms of residential location and age range. For each trimester of pregnancy, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and PM10 exposure were estimated using the inverse distance weighted method. Results The analysis indicates a significant association between CO exposure and autism in the second trimester (OR = 1.59; p = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.01–2.51) and entire pregnancy (OR = 2.02; p = 0.049, 95% CI: 1.01–2.95). Likewise, exposure to NO2 during the second trimester (OR = 1.17; p = 0.006, 95% CI: 1.04–1.31), third trimester (OR = 1.11; p = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.01–1.24), and entire pregnancy (OR = 1.27; p = 0.007, 95% CI: 1.07–1.51) were found to be associated with increased risk of autism. Conclusions Overall, our study found higher exposure to CO and NO2, particularly during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, was significantly associated with a higher risk of autism.

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“…Evidence suggests that children are particularly vulnerable to air pollution, primarily due to their smaller airways, immature respiratory and immune systems, higher respiratory rate, and relatively high absorption of pollutants [ 7 , 8 ]. Previous epidemiological studies reported an association between exposure to PM2.5 and various health outcomes for children, such as respiratory infections [ 9 , 10 ], asthma [ 11 , 12 ], preterm birth [ 13 , 14 ], low birth weight [ 15 ], growth impairment [ 16 ], and neurodevelopmental [ 17 , 18 ] and metabolic [ 19 ] diseases, all of which can increase mortality risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Long-Term Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and under-5 Mortality: A Scoping Review

Anita

Ueda

Uttajug

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Studies have established a link between exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and mortality in infants and children. However, few studies have explored the association between post-birth exposure to PM2.5 and under-5 mortality. We conducted a scoping review to identify relevant epidemiological evidence on the association between post-birth ambient PM2.5 exposure and under-5 mortality. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles published between 1970 and the end of January 2022 that explicitly linked ambient PM2.5 and under-5 mortality by considering the study area, study design, exposure window, and child age. Information was extracted on the study characteristics, exposure assessment and duration, outcomes, and effect estimates/findings. Ultimately, 13 studies on infant and child mortality were selected. Only four studies measured the effect of post-birth exposure to PM2.5 on under-5 mortality. Only one cohort study mentioned a positive association between post-birth ambient PM2.5 exposure and under-5 mortality. The results of this scoping review highlight the need for extensive research in this field, given that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 is a major global health risk and child mortality remains high in some countries.

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Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan

Cited by 17 publications

References 106 publications

The effect of living environment on developmental disorders in cold regions

The effect of living environment on developmental disorders in cold regions

Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and autism spectrum disorders: Results from a family‐based case‐control study

Association between Long-Term Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and under-5 Mortality: A Scoping Review

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