Air Pollution Exposure and Covid-19 in Dutch Municipalities

Cole, Matthew A.; Özgen, Ceren; Strobl, Eric

doi:10.1007/s10640-020-00491-4

Cited by 211 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

166

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recent data from the USA indicate that the number of COVID-19 cases and fatalities experienced by Black citizens were higher (up to 75%) than in the rest of the population, although they constitute only a small proportion (32% at maximum) of the overall population [38]. Outside conventional epidemiology, comprehensive econometric methods were applied to study the effect of PM 2.5 and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations and deaths in all 355 municipalities in the Netherlands [34]. The authors attempted a number of sensitivity analyses to account for unmeasured confounding (or omitted variable bias as commonly known in econometrics), measurement error in the exposure and the outcome and spatial spill-over.…”

Section: Air Pollution and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence fromin vitro, animal, and human studies

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies have pointed out that air pollution may be a contributing factor to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the specific links between air pollution and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection remain unclear. Here we provide evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies from the existing literature. Epidemiological investigations have related various air pollutants to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality at the population level, however, those studies suffer from several limitations. Air pollution may be linked to an increase in COVID-19 severity and lethality through its impact on chronic diseases, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that exposure to air pollution leads to a decreased immune response, thus facilitating viral penetration and replication. Viruses may persist in air through complex interactions with particles and gases depending on: 1) chemical composition; 2) electric charges of particles; and 3) meteorological conditions such as relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature. In addition, by reducing UV radiation, air pollutants may promote viral persistence in air and reduce vitamin D synthesis. Further epidemiological studies are needed to better estimate the impact of air pollution on COVID-19. In vitro and in vivo studies are also strongly needed, in particular to more precisely explore the particle–virus interaction in air.

show abstract

Section: Air Pollution and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence fromin vitro, animal, and human studies

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…IPLC’s rights need to be fully secured and their traditional knowledge preserved. [ 78 – 84 ] Food insecurity One in 3 women affected by anemia. Perpetuates poverty cycles.…”

Section: A Proposal For Human-rights and Gender-responsive One Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities were found to account for 34% of critically ill COVID-19 patients nationally, despite constituting 14% of the UK’s population [ 82 ]. Overall deprivation was associated with worse coronavirus outcomes, and a more detailed examination of the living environment revealed that air pollution was also positively associated with an increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths, in the UK and the Netherlands [ 83 , 84 ]. Of concern are the repercussions that the COVID-19 pandemic has already had on access to sexual and reproductive health and rights, which are fundamental to people’s health and survival.…”

Section: A Proposal For Human-rights and Gender-responsive One Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helping to heal nature and ourselves through human-rights-based and gender-responsive One Health

Garnier

Savić

Boriani³

et al. 2020

One Health Outlook

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The health of our planet and humanity is threatened by biodiversity loss, disease and climate crises that are unprecedented in human history, driven by our insatiable consumption and unsustainable production patterns, particularly food systems. The One Health approach is a pathway to synergistically addressing outcomes in term of health and sustainability, but gender issues at the One Health and biodiversity nexus are largely ignored.By examining the roles and responsibilities of Indigenous and Local People, and especially women, in conserving natural resources, and the social costs of living at the Human-Animal-Environment interface under current conservation strategies, we show that women bear a disproportionate health, poverty and climate burden, despite having pivotal roles in conserving biodiversity. To mitigate risks of emerging infectious diseases, food insecurity and climate change impacts, a gender perspective has previously been proposed, but implementation lags behind. Endemic zoonotic diseases, human-wildlife conflict and environmental pollution lack gender-sensitive frameworks. We demonstrate that women can be powerful agents for change at all levels of society, from communities to businesses, and policy-making institutions, but gender inequalities still persist.We develop a framework for mainstreaming a gender-responsive and rights-based One Health approach, in order to heal ourselves and nature. Using a leverage-points perspective, we suggest a change of paradigm, from the pursuit of GDP and over-consumption, to a focus on human well-being and their reconnection with healthy environments, using a One Health understanding of nature and health. We recommend learning from Indigenous People to re-position ourselves within nature and to better conserve biodiversity. We also propose integration of gender equity in leadership, the respect of human rights, women’s rights (access to health care, healthy food, land tenure, natural resources, education, and economic opportunities), and the rights of nature, through the implementation of gender-responsive and rights-based One Health Action Plans, at policy-making level, in the private sector and the civil society. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unveil deep socio-economic inequities in the wealthiest economies and the vital role of nature in supporting our health, we argue to seize this opportunity to build back better and improve resilience and sustainability by using a gender-responsive and rights-based One Health approach.

show abstract

“…Haze exposure during the prenatal period has been linked to decreased adult height attainment (Tan-Soo & Pattanayak, 2019), and short-term exposure during the severe 2015 fires is estimated to have caused 100,300 or more premature mortalities in Equatorial Asia (Koplitz et al, 2016; see also Crippa et al, 2016). This is important in light of recent reports that increased air pollution may elevate COVID-19 case numbers, hospital admissions and mortality (Cole, Ozgen & Strobl, 2020;Conticini, Frediani & Caro, 2020;Ogen, 2020;Wu et al, 2020), and has led to concerns being raised by both regional think tanks (Gan et al, 2020) and relevant experts in media reports regarding peatland fires and COVID-19 (Jong, 2020b;Listiyorini, 2020;Varkkey, 2020), though under COVID-19 lockdown conditions such impacts may be at least partially mitigated by general shutdowns of anthropogenic activities (Kanniah et al, 2020). In particular, in a pre-print article, Cole, Ozgen & Strobl (2020) and Wu et al (2020) report that an increase in PM2.5 (small particulate matter) of just 1 mg/m 3 is associated with a 8-16.6% increase in COVID-19 death rate, whereas in Central Kalimantan, PM2.5 levels have been reported to exceed 1,500 mg/m 3 during severe fire periods (Atwood et al, 2016), and average mean exposures between 2011 and 2015 have been estimated at 26 mg/m 3 , over double the recommended WHO exposure limit (Uda, Hein & Atmoko, 2019).…”

Section: Public Health and Potential Combined Impacts From Haze Pollumentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical peatlands and their conservation are important in the context of COVID-19 and potential future (zoonotic) disease pandemics

Harrison

Wijedasa

Cole

et al. 2020

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global disruption, with the emergence of this and other pandemics having been linked to habitat encroachment and/or wildlife exploitation. High impacts of COVID-19 are apparent in some countries with large tropical peatland areas, some of which are relatively poorly resourced to tackle disease pandemics. Despite this, no previous investigation has considered tropical peatlands in the context of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Here, we review: (i) the potential for future EIDs arising from tropical peatlands; (ii) potential threats to tropical peatland conservation and local communities from COVID-19; and (iii) potential steps to help mitigate these risks. We find that high biodiversity in tropical peat-swamp forests, including presence of many potential vertebrate and invertebrate vectors, combined, in places, with high levels of habitat disruption and wildlife harvesting represent suitable conditions for potential zoonotic EID (re-)emergence. Although impossible to predict precisely, we identify numerous potential threats to tropical peatland conservation and local communities from the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes impacts on public health, with the potential for haze pollution from peatland fires to increase COVID-19 susceptibility a noted concern; and on local economies, livelihoods and food security, where impacts will likely be greater in remote communities with limited/no medical facilities that depend heavily on external trade. Research, training, education, conservation and restoration activities are also being affected, particularly those involving physical groupings and international travel, some of which may result in increased habitat encroachment, wildlife harvesting or fire, and may therefore precipitate longer-term negative impacts, including those relating to disease pandemics. We conclude that sustainable management of tropical peatlands and their wildlife is important for mitigating impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and reducing the potential for future zoonotic EID emergence and severity, thus strengthening arguments for their conservation and restoration. To support this, we list seven specific recommendations relating to sustainable management of tropical peatlands in the context of COVID-19/disease pandemics, plus mitigating the current impacts of COVID-19 and reducing potential future zoonotic EID risk in these localities. Our discussion and many of the issues raised should also be relevant for non-tropical peatland areas and in relation to other (pandemic-related) sudden socio-economic shocks that may occur in future.

show abstract

Air Pollution Exposure and Covid-19 in Dutch Municipalities

Cited by 211 publications

References 25 publications

The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence fromin vitro, animal, and human studies

The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence fromin vitro, animal, and human studies

Helping to heal nature and ourselves through human-rights-based and gender-responsive One Health

Tropical peatlands and their conservation are important in the context of COVID-19 and potential future (zoonotic) disease pandemics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About