Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19: A Look at Mortality in Mexico City Using Individual-Level Data

López‐Feldman, Alejandro; Heres, David R.; Márquez‐Padilla, Fernanda

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3673616

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…( 31) Finally, a study conducted in Mexico City used patient-level data to estimate the effects of both long-and short-term exposure to PM 2.5 on Covid-19 mortality: evidences toward a positive relationship between PM 2.5 air pollution and the likelihood for an individual to die following Covid-19 infection did emerge; this relationship increased with age, and, although ndings suggested that the association was mainly driven by long-term exposure, authors did not exclude that short-term exposure might also have an effect. (37) In light of the few studies using patient-level data, authors of the present study do believe that ndings here reported should be regarded as extremely signi cant and add an important contribution in the understanding of the relationship between air pollution and Covid-19 severity. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that individual-level data in the present study included information on exposure in addition to that on potential confounders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

An Italian individual-level data study investigating on the association between air pollution exposure and Covid-19 severity in primary-care setting

Pégoraro¹,

Heiman²,

Levante³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Several studies have been focusing on the potential role of atmospheric pollutants in the diffusion and impact on health of Covid-19. This study’s objective was to estimate the association between ≤10 micrometers diameter particulate matter (PM10) exposure and the likelihood of experiencing pneumonia due to Covid-19 using individual-level data in Italy.METHODS: Information on Covid-19 patients was retrieved from the Italian IQVIA® Longitudinal Patient Database (LPD), a computerized network of general practitioners (GPs) including anonymous data on patients’ consultations and treatments. All patients with a Covid-19 diagnosis during March 18th, 2020 – June 30th, 2020 were included in the study. The date of first Covid-19 registration was the starting point of the 3-month follow-up (Index Date). Patients were classified based on Covid-19-related pneumonia registrations on the Index date and/or during follow-up presence/absence. Each patient was assigned individual exposure by calculating average PM10 during the 30-day period preceding the Index Date, and according to GP’s office province. A multiple generalized linear mixed model, mixed-effects logistic regression, was used to assess the association between PM10 exposure tertiles and the likelihood of experiencing pneumonia.RESULTS: Among 6,483 Covid-19 patients included, 1,079 (16.6%) had a diagnosis of pneumonia. Pneumonia patients were older, more frequently men, more health-impaired, and had a higher individual-level exposure to PM10 during the month preceding Covid-19 diagnosis. The mixed-effects model showed that patients whose PM10 exposure level fell in the second tertile had a 30% higher likelihood of having pneumonia than that of first tertile patients, and the risk for those who were in the third tertile was almost doubled.CONCLUSION: The consistent findings toward a positive association between PM10 levels and the likelihood of experiencing pneumonia due to Covid-19 make the implementation of new strategies to reduce air pollution more and more urgent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

An Italian individual-level data study investigating on the association between air pollution exposure and Covid-19 severity in primary-care setting

Pégoraro¹,

Heiman²,

Levante³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…26 Hendryx y Luo, en el mismo país, hallaron una asociación significativa entre tasa de mortalidad y PM 2.5 , pero específicamente por material particulado del diesel. 27 Asimismo, en la CDMX, López y colaboradores registraron un incremento en la probabilidad de morir por Covid-19 de 0.43 puntos porcentuales por cada unidad de incremento en PM 2.5 , lo que equivale a un incremento de 3.3 % en la tasa de mortalidad por cada µg/m 3 de PM 2.5 . 28 De igual forma, Yao y colaboradores en la ciudad de Wuhan, China encontraron una asociación significativa entre letalidad por Covid-19 y concentraciones de partículas PM 2.5 y PM 10 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Asociación entre mortalidad por Covid-19 y contaminación atmosférica en ciudades mexicanas

et al. 2021

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Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre la exposición crónica a contaminantes atmosféricos y la tasa de mortalidad por Covid-19 en ciudades mexicanas. Material y métodos. Estudio ecológico en 25 ciudades mexicanas utilizando el reporte de casos diarios de muertes por Covid-19 (febrero a junio 2020) y datos validados de contaminantes atmosféricos, considerando concentraciones promedio en cada ciudad en el último año. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión Poisson, con modelos aditivos generalizados y variables de ajuste. Resultados. Se encontró un incremento significativo de 3.5% (IC95% 2.3-4.7) en la tasa de mortalidad por Covid-19 por incremento de 1μg/m3 de NO2. La asociación con PM2.5 fue no significativa, con un incremento de 1.8% por cada μg/ m3. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren una asociación entre la mortalidad por Covid-19 y la exposición a NO2. Esta primera aproximación del riesgo asociado con la contaminación del aire requiere de análisis más precisos, pero es consistente con estudios de otras regiones.

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“…It concluded that for Mexico City, there was evidence of a positive relationship between pollution and mortality, which increased signi cantly with age and appeared to be driven mainly by long-term exposure rather than short-term exposure to pollution [24]. Nevertheless, probably the most critical factors to in uence the COVID-19 pandemic's development in Mexico are the status of the health-care system and government strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: A cross-sectional study

Ibarrola-Peña¹,

Barbosa-Camacho²,

Almanza-Mena³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: In December 2019, the World Health Organization announced a new viral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, China. In Mexico, the official announcement regarding the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case was made on February 29, 2020. Understanding how Mexicans behave during the pandemic could present a complete picture of the pandemic in Mexico while providing better handling of the pandemic.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey in which we inquired about the Mexican population's behavior and preventive measures. In total, 4004 subjects from the general population responded to the survey. The survey comprised a questionnaire that included demographic data, housing conditions, daily coexistence with people, use of preventive measures, confidence in the Mexican health-care sector, acceptance of medical procedures, and knowledge of COVID-19.Results: Participants' mean age was 30 ± 13.7 years, and 43.8% of participants reported at least one comorbidity. Almost 99% of the participants mentioned knowing the symptoms of COVID-19. Moreover, 68.1% of them lived with three to five cohabitants, and 87.4% of them stated that at least one household member had to break social isolation every week. Although 77.5% of participants considered that they followed proper social distancing measures, 60% of them mentioned that they knew at least six individuals who did not follow social distancing measures. Furthermore, 96.2% of participants reported using preventive measures at least 50% of the time. Face masks were used by 99.5% of them, but only 51.3% used a certified mask.Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic outcomes in Mexico are the result of multiple negative factors, such as high rates of comorbidities (e.g., diabetes and hypertension); a high number of people living together at home, with many people breaking social isolation; and most of the population using noncertified preventive measures, which may not have the necessary effectiveness.

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Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19: A Look at Mortality in Mexico City Using Individual-Level Data

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

An Italian individual-level data study investigating on the association between air pollution exposure and Covid-19 severity in primary-care setting

An Italian individual-level data study investigating on the association between air pollution exposure and Covid-19 severity in primary-care setting

Asociación entre mortalidad por Covid-19 y contaminación atmosférica en ciudades mexicanas

Preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: A cross-sectional study

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