Air pollution exposure is associated with the gut microbiome as revealed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing

Fouladi, Farnaz; Bailey, Maximilian; Patterson, William B.; Sioda, Michael; Blakley, Ivory C.; Fodor, Anthony A.; Jones, Roshonda B.; Chen, Zhanghua; Kim, Jeniffer S.; Lurmann, Frederick; Martino, Cameron; Knight, Rob; Gilliland, Frank D.; Alderete, Tanya L.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105604

Cited by 122 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…For example, greater exposure to PM 2.5 during the second trimester of pregnancy has been shown to be associated with reduced methylation of the placental leptin promoter [ 53 ] and PM 10 exposure during the first and second trimesters has been associated with methylation of genes regulating fetal growth and glucocorticoid metabolism [ 54 ]. Furthermore, exposure to air pollutants could influence early infant growth via alterations to the developing gut microbiome [ 55 , 56 ]. It remains to be determined if air pollutants can physically traverse the placenta in humans, but recent work has identified black carbon particles at the fetal side of the human placenta [ 57 ] and a rabbit model found aggregates of nanoparticles in trophoblastic cells and fetal blood upon maternal exposure to diesel exhaust [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study

et al. 2021

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Background Prior epidemiological and animal work has linked in utero exposure to ambient air pollutants (AAP) with accelerated postnatal weight gain, which is predictive of increased cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. However, few studies have assessed changes in infant body composition or multiple pollutant exposures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine relationships between prenatal residential AAP exposure with infant growth and adiposity. Methods Residential exposure to AAP (particulate matter < 2.5 and 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5, PM10]; nitrogen dioxide [NO2]; ozone [O3]; oxidative capacity [Oxwt: redox-weighted oxidative potential of O3 and NO2]) was modeled by spatial interpolation of monitoring stations via an inverse distance-squared weighting (IDW2) algorithm for 123 participants from the longitudinal Mother’s Milk Study, an ongoing cohort of Hispanic mother-infant dyads from Southern California. Outcomes included changes in infant growth (weight, length), total subcutaneous fat (TSF; calculated via infant skinfold thickness measures) and fat distribution (umbilical circumference, central to total subcutaneous fat [CTSF]) and were calculated by subtracting 1-month measures from 6-month measures. Multivariable linear regression was performed to examine relationships between prenatal AAP exposure and infant outcomes. Models adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, socioeconomic status, infant age, sex, and breastfeeding frequency. Sex interactions were tested, and effects are reported for each standard deviation increase in exposure. Results NO2 was associated with greater infant weight gain (β = 0.14, p = 0.02) and TSF (β = 1.69, p = 0.02). PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with change in umbilical circumference (β = 0.73, p = 0.003) and TSF (β = 1.53, p = 0.04), respectively. Associations of Oxwt (pinteractions < 0.10) with infant length change, umbilical circumference, and CTSF were modified by infant sex. Oxwt was associated with attenuated infant length change among males (β = -0.60, p = 0.01), but not females (β = 0.16, p = 0.49); umbilical circumference among females (β = 0.92, p = 0.009), but not males (β = -0.00, p = 0.99); and CTSF among males (β = 0.01, p = 0.03), but not females (β = 0.00, p = 0.51). Conclusion Prenatal AAP exposure was associated with increased weight gain and anthropometric measures from 1-to-6 months of life among Hispanic infants. Sex-specific associations suggest differential consequences of in utero oxidative stress. These results indicate that prenatal AAP exposure may alter infant growth, which has potential to increase childhood obesity risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study

et al. 2021

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“…Studies have confirmed the importance of nasal pathogens in lung diseases [24,25]. It has been reported that exposure to environmental fine particles can also change the structure of nasal [26] and intestinal microbiota [27], so we choose nasal and intestinal microbiota as evaluation indicators.…”

Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of probiotics on nasal and intestinal microbiota in people with high exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study

Pei

Wang

et al. 2020

Trials

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Background Extended exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 changes the human microbiota profile, which in turn may increase morbidity and mortality due to respiratory system damage. A balanced microecosystem is crucial to human health, and certain health-related problems may be addressed by effective microecosystem regulation. Recent studies have confirmed that probiotics may reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases. However, few studies have investigated probiotic treatment outcomes in subjects exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5. Methods This study is designed as a prospective, randomized, participants- and assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred and twenty eligible volunteers recruited from October 2019 to July 2020 in downtown Chengdu, China, will be treated with either probiotics or placebo over 4 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome will be 16SrRNA sequencing assay data from nasal and intestinal secretions. Secondary outcomes will be pulmonary function, score on a gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, COOP/WONCA charts, and the Short-Form Health Survey 36 for quality of life. Results will be analyzed to assess differences in clinical efficacy between groups. Six-month follow-up examinations will evaluate the long-term value of probiotics on cardiovascular and respiratory disease end-point events. Discussion We will explore the characteristics of nasal and intestinal microbiota in a population with high exposure to PM2.5. Probiotics and placebo interventions will be tested for efficacy in microbial balance regulation, effects on lung and physical functions, and quality of life improvement. This study is expected to provide reliable evidence to support the widespread promotion of probiotics in clinical practice for the protection of individuals with high exposure to PM2.5. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900025469. Registered on 27 August 2019.

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“…The microbiota habiting the human body comprises bacteria, yeasts, viruses, parasites, helminths, and protozoa, of which we know the most about the bacterial population within our gastrointestinal tract. Intrinsic factors such as genetic, age, and gender, as well as extrinsic factors such as social situation, exercise levels, antibiotic usage and the consumption of other medications, diet, and pollution, among others, can trigger an imbalance in the interplay between gut microbiota and the brain [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In this regard, biopsychosocial disorders and functional gastrointestinal conditions have been correlated with gut dysbiosis [ 26 ].…”

Section: The Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiota And The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life

Ojeda

Ávila

Vidal

2021

JCM

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During the last years, accumulating evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases via the gut–brain axis. Moreover, current research has helped to elucidate different communication pathways between the gut microbiota and neural tissues (e.g., the vagus nerve, tryptophan production, extrinsic enteric-associated neurons, and short chain fatty acids). On the other hand, altering the composition of gut microbiota promotes a state known as dysbiosis, where the balance between helpful and pathogenic bacteria is disrupted, usually stimulating the last ones. Herein, we summarize selected findings of the recent literature concerning the gut microbiome on the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders, and the strategies to modulate its composition in the search for therapeutical approaches, focusing mainly on animal models studies. Readers are advised that this is a young field, based on early studies, that is rapidly growing and being updated as the field advances.

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Air pollution exposure is associated with the gut microbiome as revealed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing

Cited by 122 publications

References 85 publications

Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study

Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study

Effect of probiotics on nasal and intestinal microbiota in people with high exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study

Gut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life

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