Air Pollution in Native Huts in the Highlands of New Guinea

Cleary, Graham J.; Blackburn, C. R. B.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1968.10665320

Cited by 50 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Given that some of the early studies of indoor biomass smoke focused on pollution measurement and innovative approaches to detailed exposure characterization (35,36), technology has not been the only cause of this interest in simple exposure indicators. Cost and time requirements may have been another consideration (63).…”

Section: Health Impact (Hazard) Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More detailed research on exposure to indoor smoke and its impacts on respiratory diseases in developing countries began in the 1960s and 1970s in India, Nigeria, and Papua New Guinea (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39). Thanks to an increasing number of research projects in the 1980s, the public health importance of this risk factor has recently appeared on the agenda of research and policy communities (6,15,17,(40)(41)(42)(43)(44).…”

Section: Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs.

Ezzati

Kammen

2002

Environ Health Perspect

392

268

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Globally, almost 3 billion people rely on biomass (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung) and coal as their primary source of domestic energy. Exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) from the combustion of solid fuels is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the relationship between IAP exposure and disease and on interventions for reducing exposure and disease. We take an environmental health perspective and consider the details of both exposure and health effects that are needed for successful intervention strategies. We also identify knowledge gaps and detailed research questions that are essential in successful design and dissemination of preventive measures and policies. In addition to specific research recommendations, we conclude that given the interaction of housing, household energy, and day-to-day household activities in determining exposure to indoor smoke, research and development of effective interventions can benefit tremendously from integration of methods and analysis tools from a range of disciplines in the physical, social, and health sciences.

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Section: Health Impact (Hazard) Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs.

Ezzati

Kammen

2002

Environ Health Perspect

392

268

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is in those countries where low grade fuels are still predominantly used. The first impact of indoor air pollution on the health of the people in developing countries was reported as early as 1968 (Cleary and Blackburn, 1968;Sofoluwe, 1968). More recent studies on indoor air pollution from solid fuels have been conducted in various developing countries such as China (Fischer and Koshland 2007;Mestl et al, 2007), Zimbabwe (Rumchev et al, 2007), Bangladesh (Dasgupta et al, 2006), and India .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooking as a source of indoor air pollution in rural areas of Tanzania

Jackson¹

2010

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

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This study was concerned with the assessment of the contribution of cooking fuelwood, charcoal and kerosene to indoor air pollution in households in Msangani, Chahua and Kazimzumbwi villages in the Coast Region, Tanzania. It has also assessed the performance of Single Compartment Model in predicting indoor pollution levels under Tanzania conditions. The methods used in this study were household survey, measurements, and observation. The pollutants measured were Carbon monoxide (CO), Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and Nitrogen oxides (NOX) using a combustion analyzer CA-6200-CALc manufacured by RAECO of USA, and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) using a filter and vacuum pump. It was observed that 97.3% of the 112 families surveyed utilized simple "three stones" fires for cooking. Other observed cooking facilities in the study areas were charcoal stoves and kerosene stoves. The overall pattern shows that the population in the three villages spent about 76.8% of their time indoors. The hourly indoor average SPM levels during cooking period ranged from 13571 µg/m3 to 305798 µg/m3. Compared with SPM levels recorded in similar studies, these values were much higher, and may contribute to health problems observed in the study areas. The CO concentrations before cooking, for households that use fuel wood, exceeded the WHO hourly standard of 30 mg/m3 in 69.4 % of the surveyed households, while the concentrations for those households using charcoal and kerosene were zero. The overall average CO concentrations in mg/m3 at all households during cooking were 325 ± 211 and 148 ± 44 when fuelwood and charcoal biomass were used respectively. The measured values of CO were above the recommended WHO guidelines with an hourly objective value of 30 mg/m3. A Single Compartment Model provided a satisfactory approximation of the measured CO concentrations with an average ratio of measured/modelled CO concentration at 1.1± 0.3. The study recommends improvement to the ventilation system including the provision of an adequate number of windows and installation of chimneys for removal of combustion pollutants from indoor environment.

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“…17 A field study in New Guinea also indicates that high levels of CO may be present in native huts when cooking is done. 18 It is possible that some of the seasonal variation reported for COHb concentrations in individuals may be attributable to household heating. 20 September 1969 Volume 19, No.…”

Section: Community and Residential Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%