Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease

Block, Michelle L.; Calderón‐Garcidueñas, Lilian

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.009

Cited by 1,269 publications

(1,032 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…Those particles of nanoscale dimensions, requiring analysis by transmission rather than scanning electron microscopy, have, until recently, received less attention than the larger, often more heterogenous spherules. Magnetite nanospheres up to ≾ 200 nm can have a direct entry route to the brain through the axons of the olfactory nerve, as suggested by experimental studies on carbon (29) and TiO 2 nanoparticles (30), and the reported presence of NPs in the olfactory bulb of some Mexico City cases (14,(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain

Maher

Ahmed

Karloukovski

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

831

627

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Biologically formed nanoparticles of the strongly magnetic mineral, magnetite, were first detected in the human brain over 20 y ago [Kirschvink JL, Kobayashi-Kirschvink A, Woodford BJ (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89(16):7683-7687]. Magnetite can have potentially large impacts on the brain due to its unique combination of redox activity, surface charge, and strongly magnetic behavior. We used magnetic analyses and electron microscopy to identify the abundant presence in the brain of magnetite nanoparticles that are consistent with high-temperature formation, suggesting, therefore, an external, not internal, source. Comprising a separate nanoparticle population from the euhedral particles ascribed to endogenous sources, these brain magnetites are often found with other transition metal nanoparticles, and they display rounded crystal morphologies and fused surface textures, reflecting crystallization upon cooling from an initially heated, iron-bearing source material. Such high-temperature magnetite nanospheres are ubiquitous and abundant in airborne particulate matter pollution. They arise as combustion-derived, iron-rich particles, often associated with other transition metal particles, which condense and/ or oxidize upon airborne release. Those magnetite pollutant particles which are <∼200 nm in diameter can enter the brain directly via the olfactory bulb. Their presence proves that externally sourced iron-bearing nanoparticles, rather than their soluble compounds, can be transported directly into the brain, where they may pose hazard to human health.brain magnetite | magnetite pollution particles | Alzheimer's disease | combustion-derived nanoparticles | airborne particulate matter

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain

Maher

Ahmed

Karloukovski

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

831

627

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Siddique et al (2011) compared children living in the New Delhi (India) urban area with children living in rural areas and showed that ADHD was positively correlated with current PM 10 levels. Air pollutants may induce systematic inflammation, which could be a possible mechanism mediating these effects (Block & Calderon-Garciduenas, 2009;Calderon-Garciduenas et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Air Pollution From Traffic and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Swedish Twins

et al. 2014

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Background: Recent studies have reported associations between air pollution exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, but the role of pre-and postnatal exposure has not been elucidated. Aim: We aimed to explore the risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children in relation to pre-and postnatal exposure to air pollution from road traffic. Methods: Parents of 3,426 twins born in Stockholm during 1992-2000 were interviewed, when their children were 9 or 12 years old, for symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Residence time-weighted concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter <10 m (PM 10 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) from road traffic were estimated at participants' addresses during pregnancy, the first year, and the ninth year of life using dispersion modeling, controlling for seasonal variation. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between air pollution exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: No clear or consistent associations were found between air pollution exposure during any of the three time windows and any of the neurodevelopmental outcomes. For example, a 5-95% difference in exposure to NO x during pregnancy was associated with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-1.96) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.58-1.40) for ASD and ADHD respectively. A corresponding range in exposure to PM 10 during pregnancy was related to ORs of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.52-1.96) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.68-1.47) for ASD and ADHD. Conclusions: Our data do not provide support for an association between pre-or postnatal exposure to air pollution from road traffic and neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

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“…2009; Farhat et al, 2011), central nervous system disorders (Sunderman, 2001;Kreyling et al, 2006;Block and Calderon-Garciduenas, 2009;Pearson et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012) and diabetes (Andersen, 2012;Andersen et al, 2012). Since many of these health conditions are interlinked, comprehensive studies are required to better understand the impact of PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

et al. 2014

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Abstract. With the increasing awareness of the health impacts of particulate matter, there is a growing need to comprehend the spatial and temporal variations of the global abundance of ground level airborne particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (PM 2.5). Here we use a suite of remote sensing and meteorological data products together with groundbased observations of particulate matter from 8,329 measurement sites in 55 countries taken 1997-2014 to train a machinelearning algorithm to estimate the daily distributions of PM 2.5 from 1997 to the present. In this first paper of a series, we present the methodology and global average results from this period and demonstrate that the new PM 2.5 data product can reliably represent global observations of PM 2.5 for epidemiological studies.

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Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease

Cited by 1,269 publications

References 102 publications

Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain

Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain

Exposure to Air Pollution From Traffic and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Swedish Twins

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

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