Air Pollution Monitoring: A Case Study from Romania

Iorga, Gabriela

doi:10.5772/64919

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our results for PM 10 fit within those in reference [7]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 illustrate the average seasonal variation of cadmium and PM 10 mass concentrations for Iasi (for the years when the highest levels were registered) and, respectively Cluj.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

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Heavy metals content in PM10 samples at two urban Romanian sites.

Grivei¹

2017

Air and Water Components of the Environment 2017

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ABSTRACT. -Heavy metals content in PM 10 samples at two urban Romanian sites. Aerosol particles were traditionally investigated in Romania for their metal content in extremely polluted areas (critical polluted areas) like CopsaMica or Baia Mare, because of their negative effects on water, soil and vegetation in their surrounding regions. However, combustion of fossil fuels, metal production and waste incineration, main sources of toxic metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni, might be also located nearby of other cities. Therefore, even here the population can be exposed to the potential harmful effects of these toxic metals and the air quality can be seriously affected if high concentrations are attained. Present work assesses concentrations, variability, and compliance with the EU regulations of the trace metals Ni, Cd, Pb levels in PM 10 samples in two Romanian cities, Iasi and Cluj, at urban background and traffic stations. The cities have a medium size but because of their rapid development both cities play an important regional role. They also present different topographies and different climatic characteristics. Data were extracted from European AQ database AirBase for the period 2009-2012. Measurements of PM 10 and PM 2.5 are obtained by gravimetric analysis and those of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni) by atomic absorption spectrometry. Data sets are acquired through measurements made on a daily average basis. Measurement annual and seasonal summary statistics were performed and analyzed for all data during

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…High levels of PM 10 mass concentrations in Iasi and Cluj were first revealed in reference [7] where the annual and seasonal temporal trends of PM 10 and PM 2.5 for Iasi and Cluj, together with other urban and rural sampling sites in Romania were also reported. Our results for PM 10 fit within those in reference [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals content in PM10 samples at two urban Romanian sites.

Grivei¹

2017

Air and Water Components of the Environment 2017

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“…While the AQI is normally used to report the daily air quality at each monitoring station, in this study it was used to assess the monthly variability and to underline the multi-annual trends using all four operational stations in Cluj-Napoca city, considering that a single monitoring station is not representative for a city and did not reflect spatial variations of PM 10 . Therefore, the daily AQI was calculated based on the average PM 10 concentration obtained for the operational stations and the EU daily limit value (50 µg/m 3 ) [45,46]. The daily AQI was further aggregated to obtain the monthly AQI.…”

Section: Air Quality Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trend of PM10 and Associated Human Health Risk over the Past Decade in Cluj-Napoca City, Romania

et al. 2020

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The human health risk associated with PM10 exposure was assessed for the residents of Cluj-Napoca city, Romania, for a best case-scenario based on the monthly average PM10 and for a worst-case scenario based on the monthly 90th percentile of PM10 concentration. As no toxicity value for PM10 was available, for the calculation of the hazard quotient, the toxicity value was considered to be equal to the annual limit value (40 µm/m3) set in the European Union (EU), and to air quality guidelines (20 µm/m3) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The daily PM10 concentrations for the period 2009–2019, at the four monitoring stations existing in Cluj-Napoca, were obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network. The annual PM10 values ranged between 20.3 and 29.5 µg/m3, and were below the annual limit value (40 µg/m3) set by European and national legislation, but above the annual air quality guideline (20 µg/m3) set by WHO. Generally, the monthly PM10 concentrations were higher from October to March than in the rest of the year. The monthly air quality index (AQI) showed the good to moderate quality of the air during the whole decade; however, there were days when the air quality was unhealthy for sensitive population groups. The air quality was more or less constant during the warm months, and improved significantly for the cold months from 2009 to 2019. In the best-case scenario, calculated using the EU annual limit value for PM10, the potential non-carcinogenic chronic health risk was present only in 2009 and 2010, but in the worst-case scenario, in each year there were periods, especially in the cold months, in which health risk was present. When considering the WHO air quality guidelines in the calculation of the health risk, the potential non-carcinogenic chronic health risk was present between October and March in each year in the best-case scenario, and in most of the months in the worst-case scenario.

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“…From table 3, ATV and mean CO concentrations across three periods of sampling at the six sampling points falls within the limit (10,000-20,000 μgm-3 ) set standard (NESREA, 2009) [37] , and the results reported by another researcher and the team (Ezeh et al, 2012) [19] . The CO variation across the periods at all sampling points also revealed that the air quality contained less than 10,000 μgm-3 minimum standard stipulated by WHO (WHO, 2000) [55] and reported by Iorga (2016) [25] . The highest level of CO was recorded at SP1 with mean value of up to 8690.00 μgm -3 .…”

Section: Average Traffic Volume and Average Estimate Of Co Emission C...mentioning

confidence: 87%

An assessment on concentrations of No2, So2, Co and their allied health risks alongside Ilorin-Osogbo expressway, Nigeria

AMO,

AA,

2019

Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res.

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This research evaluated in-vehicle and ambient air samples for three pollutants; NO2, SO2, CO and deduced the air quality index, emission factors and health risk assessments from the pollutants concentrations. The concentrations of these pollutants were measured in-vehicle using two modes of transportation with open-window scenario while ambient measurements covered three hours of the day at six sampling points covering two states along the highway. NO2, SO2 and CO concentrations were measured with Altair-5X MGD. Vehicular volume was conducted per 45 minutes and self-administered forms were used to draw health data on the samples. The values of the in-vehicle exposure in μgm -3 ranges from 90-1270 NO2; 124-810 SO2 and 3262-23800 CO. The highest average in-vehicle exposure appeared in cars with the following μgm -3 average NO2, 426±109; SO2 571±61 and CO 10433±1650. The Ambient air pollutants results showed that the mean concentrations of NO2 and SO2 exceeded the 1-hour averaging time-limit of 40 μgm -3 set by FEPA but within the 1-hour averaging time-limit set by EPA while the mean concentration of CO falls within minimal limit stipulated by WHO. Air Quality Index was deduced with rating for NO2 and SO2 which ranged from good "A" through unhealthy for sensitive group "UHFS' to hazardous "F" and rating for CO, F across the sampling points. The study established strong evidence that traffic volume affects the quality of air in the atmosphere at all sampling points. Results from questionnaire indicated some key health risks related with contact to pollutants by commuters and other road users.

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Air Pollution Monitoring: A Case Study from Romania

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Heavy metals content in PM10 samples at two urban Romanian sites.

Heavy metals content in PM10 samples at two urban Romanian sites.

Temporal Trend of PM10 and Associated Human Health Risk over the Past Decade in Cluj-Napoca City, Romania

An assessment on concentrations of No2, So2, Co and their allied health risks alongside Ilorin-Osogbo expressway, Nigeria

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