Air Pollution Stress

Temple, Patrick J.; Grantz, David A.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_15

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…1 It is widely believed that despite being less abundant than O 3 , some secondary air pollutants may be more phytotoxic through the "mole for mole" actions. 2 Generally, PAN is generated in air polluted by fuel emissions or by biomass burning and is a possible indicator of photochemical smog. 3 Its production is initiated by the reaction of hydrocarbons with the hydroxyl radical (HO • ) and subsequently with O 2 to form the peroxyacetyl radical as specific intermediate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxyacetyl nitrate-induced oxidative and calcium signaling events leading to cell death in ozone-sensitive tobacco cell-line

Yukihiro

Hiramatsu

Bouteau

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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It has long been concerned that some secondary air pollutants such as smog components, ozone (O 3 ) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), are highly phytotoxic even at low concentrations. Compared with the biology of O 3 , we largely lack the information on the toxicity model for PAN at the cellular signaling levels. Here, we studied the cell-damaging impact of PAN using suspension culture of smog-sensitive tobacco variety (Bel-W3). The cells were exposed to freshly synthesized PAN and the induced cell death was assessed under microscope after staining with Evans blue. Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PAN toxicity was suggested by PAN-dependently increased intracellular H 2 O 2 and also by the cell-protective effects of ROS scavengers and related inhibitors. Calcium chelator also lowered the level of PAN-induced cell death, indicating that Ca 2+ is also involved. Using a transgenic cell line expressing aequorin, an increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration responsive to the pulse of PAN, but sensitive to Ca 2+ channel blockers, was recorded, indicating that Ca 2+ channels are activated by PAN or PAN-derived signals. Above data show some similarity between the signaling mechanisms responsive to O 3 and PAN.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxyacetyl nitrate-induced oxidative and calcium signaling events leading to cell death in ozone-sensitive tobacco cell-line

Yukihiro

Hiramatsu

Bouteau

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…We evaluate a perennial species of economic importance, Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.; cv. S-6), that has been characterized with respect to responses to O 3 and water limitation separately (Grantz, 2016;Temple & Grantz, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O₃ and Drought Effects on Steady State Conductance and Kinetics in Pima Cotton

Grantz

Grulke

2022

Air, Soil and Water Research

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The degree to which ozone (O3) exposure and drought affect stomatal control of water loss and respond to environmental stimuli such as varying light is poorly characterized. To that end, we exposed Pima cotton to chronic O3 exposure (month-long daytime exposures) with and without sufficient water, as well as short term acute O3 exposure and varying light levels to understand stomatal kinetics. Chronic, month-long exposure to moderately high O3 (~114 ppb) reduced daytime steady state stomatal conductance (gs), as did water deficit. Both stomatal opening and closing displayed dose specific, “sluggish” responses to step-changes in illumination with acute, 1-day, O3 exposures of 0, 50, 100, and 125 ppb. At higher concentration (150 ppb), stomatal control of both opening and closing was degraded. Altered steady state and dynamic stomatal function suggest that elevated ambient O3, expected to increase in the future, may increasingly influence field water management and appropriate crop choices.

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“…A general treatment of responses to air pollutants in cotton has been presented by Temple and Grantz (2010). Descriptions and color photographs of O 3 injury to many species can be found in Recognition of Air Pollution Injury to Vegetation: A Pictorial Atlas (Flagler, 1998).…”

Section: Why Ozone?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting proportionality between yield loss and ambient O 3 concentration strongly suggested causality. Early concerns that closed or open-top chambers could overestimate yield impacts of O 3 have proven unfounded (Temple, 1990a;Temple and Grantz, 2010;USEPA, 2013). In open-top chambers designed to minimize potential effects on plant growth and development caused by the closed chambers used previously (Temple et al, 1985), cotton yields in the San Joaquin Valley similarly were reduced by 15 to 20% relative to charcoal-filtered controls.…”

Section: Cotton Yield and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Impacts on Carbon Dynamics in Cotton

Grantz¹

2016

JCS

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Ozone (O3) is a secondary atmospheric pollutant that causes widespread damage to vegetation, including cotton. The high temperatures and abundant sunlight that lead to good cotton yields also lead to production of O3. The early crop loss experiments of the 1970s identified upland cotton as particularly sensitive to O3. Exposure to ambient concentrations of O3 resulted in a 10 to >15% loss in economic yield. More recent experiments with modern cultivars have confirmed damage to upland and Pima cultivars but have not assessed yield loss under agronomic conditions. It is likely that selection for yield in high O3 environments has led to inadvertent selection for tolerance to O3. Ozone reduces yield and fiber quality, mediated by O3-induced changes in gross photosynthesis, respiration, and translocation of current photosynthate out of source leaves. Ozone typically reduces root development and the root-to-shoot biomass ratio, which has secondary effects on plant growth and development and on water relations. Ozone also reduces stomatal conductance as a primary defense against entry of O3 into the plant, but this also restricts entry of CO2 and therefore photosynthesis. Ozone is clearly phytotoxic and impacts cotton as well as other species. Recent research has led to understanding many aspects of the mechanism of O3 damage and could lead to targeted approaches to improving O3 tolerance, and therefore, yield in O3-impacted production areas.

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Air Pollution Stress

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Peroxyacetyl nitrate-induced oxidative and calcium signaling events leading to cell death in ozone-sensitive tobacco cell-line

Peroxyacetyl nitrate-induced oxidative and calcium signaling events leading to cell death in ozone-sensitive tobacco cell-line

O₃ and Drought Effects on Steady State Conductance and Kinetics in Pima Cotton

Ozone Impacts on Carbon Dynamics in Cotton

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Air Pollution Stress

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Peroxyacetyl nitrate-induced oxidative and calcium signaling events leading to cell death in ozone-sensitive tobacco cell-line

Peroxyacetyl nitrate-induced oxidative and calcium signaling events leading to cell death in ozone-sensitive tobacco cell-line

O3 and Drought Effects on Steady State Conductance and Kinetics in Pima Cotton

Ozone Impacts on Carbon Dynamics in Cotton

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O₃ and Drought Effects on Steady State Conductance and Kinetics in Pima Cotton