Air quality and health impact assessment of a truckers' strike in Sao Paulo state, Brazil: A case study

Debone, Daniela; Leirião, Luciana Ferreira Leite; Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100687

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In a study in Sao Paulo, Brazil, an even higher reduction, −67%, of CO levels was reported [18]. A reduction of NO 2 concentrations was also observed in Sao Paulo ranging from −7% [18] to −55.5% [35]. As the findings of our study, low reductions in SO 2 (−11%) were reported in another study in Sao Paulo [36].…”

Section: Inter-period Observational Approachsupporting

confidence: 78%

Gradient Boosting Machine to Assess the Public Protest Impact on Urban Air Quality

et al. 2021

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Political and economic protests build-up due to the financial uncertainty and inequality spreading throughout the world. In 2019, Latin America took the main stage in a wave of protests. While the social side of protests is widely explored, the focus of this study is the evolution of gaseous urban air pollutants during and after one of these events. Changes in concentrations of NO2, CO, O3 and SO2 during and after the strike, were studied in Quito, Ecuador using two approaches: (i) inter-period observational analysis; and (ii) machine learning (ML) gradient boosting machine (GBM) developed business-as-usual (BAU) comparison to the observations. During the strike, both methods showed a large reduction in the concentrations of NO2 (31.5–32.36%) and CO (15.55–19.85%) and a slight reduction for O3 and SO2. The GBM approach showed an exclusive potential, especially for a lengthier period of predictions, to estimate strike impact on air quality even after the strike was over. This advocates for the use of machine learning techniques to estimate an extended effect of changes in human activities on urban gaseous pollution.

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Section: Inter-period Observational Approachsupporting

confidence: 78%

Gradient Boosting Machine to Assess the Public Protest Impact on Urban Air Quality

et al. 2021

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“…Based on air pollution reduction results for the quarantine period, the relative risk and avoided deaths attributed to each pollutant were estimated, adopting regression coefficients from epidemiological studies, a well-established method used to estimate the outcomes of air pollution on health [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. The regression coefficients (β) assumed in this study were 0.0008 for PM 10 , 0.00405 for PM 2.5 , and 0.00135 for NO 2 -related deaths, as previously stated [52][53][54][55]. The coefficients were used to estimate the probability of mortality associated with the exposure of the pollutants, named relative risk (RR), obtained by Equation ( 1)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

90 Days of COVID-19 Social Distancing and Its Impacts on Air Quality and Health in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a unique situation for humanity, reaching up to 5623 deaths in Sao Paulo city during the analyzed period of this study. Due to the measures for social distancing, an improvement of air quality was observed worldwide. In view of this scenario, we investigated the air quality improvement related to PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 concentrations during 90 days of quarantine compared to an equivalent period in 2019. We found a significant drop in air pollution of 45% of PM10, 46% of PM2.5, and 58% of NO2, and using a relative-risk function, we estimated that this significant air quality improvement avoided, respectively, 78, 337, and 387 premature deaths, respectively, and prevented approximately US$ 720 million on health costs. Moreover, we estimated that 5,623 deaths by COVID-19 represent an economic health loss of US$ 10.5 billion. Both health and economic gains associated with air pollution reductions give a positive perspective of the efforts towards keeping air pollution reduced even after the pandemic, highlighting the importance of improving the strategies of air pollution mitigation actions, as well as the crucial role of adopting efficient measures to protect human health both during and after the COVID-19 global health crisis.

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“…Strikes can often be characterized by reduced function of institutions or services, and a substantial reduction of vehicle circulation, causing a decrease in emissions 17 , 18 . However, to paralyze the area, the demonstrations could even involve blocking roads by barricading or burning different materials, such as wood, tires, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of national protest in Ecuador on PM pollution

Žalakevičiūtė

Alexandrino

Mejía

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Particulate matter (PM) accounts for millions of premature deaths in the human population every year. Due to social and economic inequality, growing human dissatisfaction manifests in waves of strikes and protests all over the world, causing paralysis of institutions, services and circulation of transport. In this study, we aim to investigate air quality in Ecuador during the national protest of 2019, by studying the evolution of PM2.5 (PM ≤ 2.5 µm) concentrations in Ecuador and its capital city Quito using ground based and satellite data. Apart from analyzing the PM2.5 evolution over time to trace the pollution changes, we employ machine learning techniques to estimate these changes relative to the business-as-usual pollution scenario. In addition, we present a chemical analysis of plant samples from an urban park housing the strike. Positive impact on regional air quality was detected for Ecuador, and an overall − 10.75 ± 17.74% reduction of particulate pollution in the capital during the protest. However, barricade burning PM peaks may contribute to a release of harmful heavy metals (tire manufacture components such as Co, Cr, Zn, Al, Fe, Pb, Mg, Ba and Cu), which might be of short- and long-term health concerns.

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Air quality and health impact assessment of a truckers' strike in Sao Paulo state, Brazil: A case study

Cited by 17 publications

References 76 publications

Gradient Boosting Machine to Assess the Public Protest Impact on Urban Air Quality

Gradient Boosting Machine to Assess the Public Protest Impact on Urban Air Quality

90 Days of COVID-19 Social Distancing and Its Impacts on Air Quality and Health in Sao Paulo, Brazil

The effect of national protest in Ecuador on PM pollution

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