Air Quality Criteria—Toxicological Appraisal for Oxidants, Nitrogen Oxides, and Hydrocarbons

Mueller, Peter; Hitchcock, Margaret

doi:10.1080/00022470.1969.10466542

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This denaturation of collagen and elastin was shown to be reversible when the animals were sacrificed 24 hr after termination of exposure (22). An exposure of rabbits to low concentrations of NO2 (0.255 ppm) for 4 hr/day for 6 days, however, showed irreversible structural changes in lung collagen as determined by electron microscopy (23). Possibly owing to increased collagen and elastin catabolism in the lung, the hydroxyproline excretion was elevated in workers chronically exposed to NO2 levels of 0.4-2.7 ppm (24) and in experimental animals after long-term inhalation of concentrations slightly above 2.5 ppm (25).…”

Section: Lnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of NO 2 on Chronic Bronchitics

Nieding¹,

Wagner²

1979

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The acute influence of NO2 on mechanics of breathing and respiratory gas exchange was investigated in a total of 111 subjects, aged 25 to 74 years, with chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD). They breathed NO2-air mixtures containing 0.5 to 8.0 ppm NO2 for up to 15 to 60 min. Additionally in nine subjects the protective action of atropine, meclastine, and orciprenaline was investigated.While the alveolar P02 remained nearly constant during inhalation of 5 and 4 ppm NO2, a significant decrease of the arterial P02 and a corresponding increase of the arterial to alveolar P02 gradients occurred. Inhalation of 2 ppm NO2 had not such an effect.Inhalation of NO2 at concentrations down to 1.5 ppm resulted in a significant increase of airway resistance. Lower concentrations had no significant effect.Prolongation of the exposure period from 15 to 60 min at a NO2 concentration of 5 ppm did not result in a more pronounced disturbance of the respiratory gas exchange for oxygen beyond the extent observed after exposure to 5 ppm NO2 for 15 min.Meclastine, in comparison with orciprenaline and atropine, showed a pronounced protective effect on the negative impact of NO2 on respiratory gas exchange and airway resistance.It is concluded that NO2 may act by release of histamine, causing a bronchiolar, alveolar, and interstitial edema, thus differing from irritant air pollutants like SO2, where reflex bronchoconstriction causes in some bronchitics dramatic increases of airway resistance at similar low concentrations.

show abstract

Section: Lnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of NO 2 on Chronic Bronchitics

Nieding¹,

Wagner²

1979

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They demonstrated in the exposed animals a drop in the content of several vitamins, among them vitamin B 6 Since this plays an activating role in transaminations, its lowered content may be responsible for the decreased activity of the transaminases These findings point to a possibility of protective action of some substances, including vitamins, in cases of chronic exposure to exhausts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The influence of ammonia on some disturbances in protein carbohydrate and lipid metabolism caused by chronic intoxication with combustion gases

Kośmider¹,

Luciak²,

Drózdz³

1975

Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary In experiments performed in a power station in Silesia, the possibility of binding 502 and N 0 2 in combustion exhaust gases by ammonia has been investigated In experiments on guinea pigs the mechanisms of toxic action of exhausts in exposures often found in industrial surroundings has been followed The gaseous ammonia was added to exhausts in stoichiometric proportions (counted for 50 2 and N 2 ) in order to check whether the toxicity of reaction products was lower than that of the original exhausts The following determinations were made on control animals and animals exposed to combustion gases and their products with ammonia over a period of 120 days: body weight, morphology of peripheral blood, protein, lipid and carboxyhydrate content Post-mortem examinations, including biochemical and histochemical tests in several tissues, were performed as well.It has been shown that addition of ammonia to exhausts binds sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to a great extent, thus decreasing their toxicity.Exposure of animals to exhausts causes disturbances in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism The changes are reversed to a great extent by the addition of ammonia.The results obtained prove the effectiveness of the method of binding 50 2 , N 2 , and other components of combustion gases by ammonia from the toxicological point of view.

show abstract

“…Presently no data from animal or human studies suggest that NO is a health hazard at concentrations encountered in ambient air. However it is potentially toxic because it oxidizes rapidly to form Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) [1] which can cause many adverse human health conditions. In developed countries historic air pollution problems were typically high levels of smoke and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) arising from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal for domestic and industrial purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep-UV-based differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system for the monitoring of nitric oxide

Dooly

Fitzpatrick

Chambers

et al. 2007

Third European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of an Ultra Violet (UV) Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) fibre-optic sensor for the monitoring of nitric oxide gases is described in this paper. Experimental results describing the operation of this sensor with cylinder gases are presented. These experimental results are compared with existing published spectroscopic absorption measurements. The sensor was developed to operate within an exhaust environment and demonstrate a low susceptibility to interferences from other gases present. A LabVIEW program was created to interrogate the highest absorbing wavelength for nitric oxide and calculate the concentrations present before outputting them to the user. The lower limit of detection for the sensor was found to be 5ppm with response times of 3.4 seconds.

show abstract

Air Quality Criteria—Toxicological Appraisal for Oxidants, Nitrogen Oxides, and Hydrocarbons

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of NO 2 on Chronic Bronchitics

Effects of NO 2 on Chronic Bronchitics

The influence of ammonia on some disturbances in protein carbohydrate and lipid metabolism caused by chronic intoxication with combustion gases

Deep-UV-based differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system for the monitoring of nitric oxide

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About