Air quality improvement in response to intensified control strategies in Beijing during 2013–2019

Li, Wenjun; Shao, Longyi; Wang, Wenhua; Li, Hong; Wang, Xinming; Li, Yaowei; Li, Weijun; Jones, Tim; Zhang, Daizhou

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140776

Cited by 101 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Poor air quality is a global problem that affects particularly heavily populated urban areas with a high presence of vehicular traffic, as well as industrial areas [71]. Many policies and strategies are used globally to improve air quality and to reduce the health effects on the population due to exposure to high quantities of air pollutants.…”

Section: Lessons Learned For Future Land Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Emergency on Local Vehicular Traffic and Its Consequences for the Environment: The Case of the City of Reggio Emilia (Italy)

2020

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The COVID-19 health emergency has imposed the need to limit and/or stop non-essential economic and commercial activities and movement of people. The objective of this work is to report an assessment of the change in vehicle flows and in air quality of a specific study area in the north of Italy, comparing the periods February–May 2020 and February–May 2019. Circulating vehicles have been measured at nine characteristic points of the local road network of the city of Reggio Emilia (Italy), while atmospheric pollutant concentrations have been analysed using data extracted from the regional air quality monitoring network. The results highlight a rapid decline in the number of vehicles circulating in 2020 (with values of up to −82%). This has contributed to a reduction in air concentrations of pollutants, in particular for NO2 and CO (over 30% and over 22%, respectively). On the other hand, O3 has increased (by about +13%), but this is expected. Finally, the particulate matter grew (about 30%), with a behaviour similar to the whole regional territory. The empirical findings of this study provide some indications and useful information to assist in understanding the effects of traffic blocking in urban areas on air quality.

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Section: Lessons Learned For Future Land Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Emergency on Local Vehicular Traffic and Its Consequences for the Environment: The Case of the City of Reggio Emilia (Italy)

2020

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“…However, this declining trend was reversed in 2019, when PM 2.5 concentrations increased by 5.16 µg/m 3 (14.60%), or 80% of the reduction (6.4 µg/m 3 ) achieved in 2018. Figure 1c further shows that such a PM 2.5 rebound in 2019 occurred to most cities in northern China, though some of them continued to reduce their PM 2.5 concentrations in 2019, such as Beijing (Li et al 2020b ). The rebound was even more significant during the heating seasons (HS; Nov to next Mar) when the PM 2.5 pollution was the most severe (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We integrated meteorological data from several sources. Meteorological variables were mainly from Airwise , an online data platform ( http://hz.zc12369.com/home ) that has been used by previous research (Xu et al 2020 ; Li et al 2020b ). The original data source of Airwise is the ground-based data from the National Meteorology Center (NMC) of China ( http://www.nmc.cn/ ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) may have caused 1.5 to 2 million premature deaths annually (Liang et al 2020 ), prompting the government to place air pollution control as a top priority in its policy agenda. Since 2013, the central government has promulgated two large-scale national action plans to tackle the PM 2.5 air pollution problem: first the 2013–2017 Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (the 2013–2017 Action Plan hereafter) with ambitious reduction targets set to be achieved by the end of 2017, and then the Three-year Action Plan to Win the Blue-Sky Defense War (2018–2020) as a spinoff (Feng et al 2019 ; Li et al 2020b ; Jiang et al 2021 ). These two national movements together with stringent enforcement have reduced PM 2.5 concentrations and improved the air quality greatly (Zheng et al 2018 ; Ma et al 2019 ; Editorial 2019 ), and the annual average PM 2.5 concentrations declined by 34–49% across China from 2013 to 2018 (Zhang et al 2019b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposing PM2.5 air pollution rebounds in Northern China before COVID-19

Dong

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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China’s efforts to curb air pollution have drastically reduced its concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) from 2013 to 2018 nationwide. However, few studies examined the most recent changes in PM 2.5 concentrations and questioned if the previous PM 2.5 declining trend was sustained or not. This study took a deep dive into the PM 2.5 trend for 136 northern cities of China from 2015 to early 2020 before the coronavirus disease 2019 (the COVID-19 hereafter) crisis, using ground-based PM 2.5 data notably adjusted for a key measurement method change. We find that mean PM 2.5 concentrations in northern China increased by 5.16 µg/m 3 in 2019, offsetting 80% of the large reduction achieved in 2018. The rebound was more significant during the heating seasons (HS; Nov to next Mar) over the 2 years: 10.49 µg/m 3 from the 2017 HS to the 2019 HS. A multiple linear regression analysis further revealed that anthropogenic factors contributed to around 50% of the PM 2.5 rebound in northern cities of China. Such a significant role of anthropogenic factors in driving the rebound was tightly linked to deep cuts in PM 2.5 concentrations in the previous year, systemic adjustment of policy targets and mitigation measures by the government, and the rising marginal cost of these measures. These findings suggest the need to chart a more sustainable path for future PM 2.5 emission reductions, with an emphasis on key regions during key pollution periods. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-17889-2.

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“…Contrary to previous studies, however, in our research, we observed increased cerebrovascular cases associated with high-SO2, low-O3 and high-O3 under the air quality limit of China. Note that over 2013-2018, the air quality of Beijing had a measurable improvement, of which SO2 decreased the most, and O3 showed a fluctuating increase (Li et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of gaseous pollutants on cause-specific cerebrovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: case-crossover evidence from Beijing, China

Liu¹,

Li²,

Guo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The association between gaseous pollutants and cerebrovascular morbidity has been widely studied; however, the association in patients with type 2 diabetes has remained unknown in developing countries.Methods: A time-stratified case-crossover design combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was adopted to estimate the short-term effects of gaseous pollutants (nitrogen dioxide [NO2], sulfur dioxide [SO2], ozone [O3], and carbon monoxide [CO]) on cerebrovascular cases among patients with type 2 diabetes in Beijing. In addition, our study explored the variability across sex and age groups.Results: A total of 223,216 (male 57.6% and elderly 61.7%) cerebrovascular cases were reported from 2014 to 2018. The cumulative exposure-response curves were U-shaped for NO2, J-shaped for SO2, and V-shaped for O3 and CO. Extreme low-O3, low-CO and high-CO increased the risk of cerebrovascular morbidity, with the maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01-1.28) (1st vs median), 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01-1.03) (1st vs median) and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.09-1.45) (99th vs median), respectively, appearing at lag0-13. Elderly individuals aged over 65 years were susceptible to extremely low-O3 (maximum RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.48). Men and elderly individuals were more susceptible to extremely high-CO, and the maximum RR was 10% [1.31 (1.11-1.54) vs. 1.19 (1.00, 1.41)] and 26% higher [1.41(1.17-1.69) vs. 1.12 (0.97, 1.30)] than women and adults, respectively. Conclusions: NO2, SO2, O3 and CO presented nonlinear and lagged effects on cerebrovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes, which may vary by sex and age. Our study added to the limited evidence for the risk of cerebrovascular disease due to gaseous pollutants among patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes.

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Air quality improvement in response to intensified control strategies in Beijing during 2013–2019

Cited by 101 publications

References 67 publications

The Impact of the COVID-19 Emergency on Local Vehicular Traffic and Its Consequences for the Environment: The Case of the City of Reggio Emilia (Italy)

The Impact of the COVID-19 Emergency on Local Vehicular Traffic and Its Consequences for the Environment: The Case of the City of Reggio Emilia (Italy)

Decomposing PM2.5 air pollution rebounds in Northern China before COVID-19

Short-term effects of gaseous pollutants on cause-specific cerebrovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: case-crossover evidence from Beijing, China

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