Air quality in the megacity of São Paulo: Evolution over the last 30 years and future perspectives

Andrade, María de Fátima; Kumar, Prashant; Freitas, Edmílson Dias de; Ynoue, Rita Yuri; Martins, Jorge Alberto; Martins, Leila Droprinchinski; Nogueira, Thiago; Pérez-Martínez, Pedro José; Miranda, Regina Maura de; Albuquerque, Taciana Toledo de Almeida; Gonçalves, Fábio Luiz Teixeira; Oyama, Beatriz Sayuri; Zhang, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.051

Cited by 237 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Despite the emission control policies, high levels of ozone are still being observed (Pérez-Martínez et al 2015;Carvalho et al 2015) over São Paulo, which is a critical public health problem in MASP. Andrade et al (2017) pointed a decreased in maximum ozone concentration in São Paulo between 1996 and 2006, besides an upward trend was observed after 2006. The analysis already conducted considered the average value of ozone concentrations at different air quality stations from the State Air Quality Network, not discriminating by different sites characteristics, e.g., urban, industrial, and near roads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The precursors of ozone are primary pollutants emitted by different processes such as combustion (anthropogenic and natural) and biogenic (from vegetation) from many sources, but in a highly urbanized environment such as MASP, the majority of these pollutants come mainly from the vehicular sources (Andrade et al 2012;CETESB 2014;Gaffney and Marley 2009;Nogueira et al 2015;Ibarra-Espinosa et al 2018). In urban areas, where the VOC-limited photochemical regimes have usually encountered, the photochemical reactions involving non-methane volatile compounds (NMVOC) are considered as one of the major precursors of ozone (Fujita et al 2003;Qin et al 2004;Silva Júnior et al 2009), which is also the case of São Paulo Macrometropolis (Andrade et al 2017;Martins et al 2008;Orlando et al 2010).…”

Section: Daily Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A two decades study on ozone variability and trend over the main urban areas of the São Paulo state, Brazil

Schuch

Freitas

Espinosa

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In this paper, we analyze the variability of the ozone concentration over São Paulo Macrometropolis, as well the factors, which determined the tendency observed in the last two decades. Time series of hourly ozone concentrations measured at 16 automated stations from an air quality network from 1996 to 2017 were analyzed. The temporal variability of ozone concentrations exhibits well-defined daily and seasonal patterns. Ozone presents a significant positive correlation between the number of cases (thresholds of 100-160 μg m −3 ) and the fuel sales of gasohol and diesel. The ozone concentrations do not exhibit significant long-term trends, but some sites present positive trends that occurs in sites in the proximity of busy roads and negative trends that occurs in sites located in residential areas or next to trees. The effect of atmospheric process of transport and ozone formation was analyzed using a quantile regression model (QRM). This statistical model can deal with the nonlinearities that appear in the relationship of ozone and other variables and is applicable to time series with non-normal distribution. The resulting model explains 0.76% of the ozone concentration variability (with global coefficient of determination R 1 = 0.76) providing a better representation than an ordinary least square regression model (with coefficient of determination R 2 = 0.52); the effect of radiation and temperature are the most critical in determining the highest ozone quantiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Daily Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A two decades study on ozone variability and trend over the main urban areas of the São Paulo state, Brazil

Schuch

Freitas

Espinosa

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) consists of particles in various size ranges, including those with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 µm (PM10) and ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5; also known as fine particles). These pollutants affect the most the air quality in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), as described by numerous studies (Pacheco et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2016;Vara-Vela et al, 2016;Perez et al, 2015;Andrade et al, 2010;Andrade et al, 2017). MASP has the largest vehicular fleet in Brazil, making it a dominant source of PM, especially PM2.5 (CETESB, 2015;Kumar et al, 2016;Andrade et al, 2010;Vara-Vela et al, 2016;Andrade et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pollutants affect the most the air quality in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), as described by numerous studies (Pacheco et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2016;Vara-Vela et al, 2016;Perez et al, 2015;Andrade et al, 2010;Andrade et al, 2017). MASP has the largest vehicular fleet in Brazil, making it a dominant source of PM, especially PM2.5 (CETESB, 2015;Kumar et al, 2016;Andrade et al, 2010;Vara-Vela et al, 2016;Andrade et al, 2017). Organic compounds explain the majority (25-40%) of the PM2.5 mass concentration (Castanho and Artaxo, 2001;Souza et al, 2014) and a significant fraction (13-19%) of PM10 (Caumo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers as indicators of fungal biomass in the atmosphere of São Paulo, Brazil

Emygdio

Andrade

Gonçalves

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Entre os diversos gases e partículas presentes na atmosfera, pode-se destacar o material particulado inalável (MP 10 ) e o ozônio (O 3 ) troposférico, que têm apresentado violações aos padrões de qualidade do ar, principalmente em regiões metropolitanas como é o caso da RMSP , Andrade et al, 2017.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Investigação da Relação entre Variáveis Atmosféricas e a Concentração de MP10 E O3 no Estado de São Paulo

Santos

Reboita

Carvalho

2018

Rev. bras. meteorol.

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ResumoO presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar relações entre variáveis atmosféricas e concentrações de material particulado inalável (MP 10 ) e ozônio (O 3 ) registradas no estado de São Paulo. Para isso, foram utilizados dados entre 2005 a 2014 de cinco estações de monitoramento de qualidade do ar. O estudo foi baseado em duas metodologias: Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e campos médios meteorológicos. Nas ACP para as concentrações de O 3 , encontraramse correlações positivas entorno de 0,5 e 0,6 com temperatura do ar, e correlações negativas, entre 0,4 e 0,6 com umidade relativa do ar. As contribuições das componentes do vento nas concentrações de O 3 diferem de uma localidade para outra, sendo em Cubatão e Bauru maior a relação com ventos meridionais e nas demais a maior contribuição é da componente zonal, contudo, em todas as localidades as correlações são negativas com o O 3 . Para o MP 10 teve-se as menores correlações, negativas para umidade, e praticamente nulas para temperatura. As correlações com as componentes do vento variam de acordo com a localidade. Com isso, é possível concluir que relações de MP 10 com umidade são mais significativas e no caso do O 3 , dentre todas as variáveis, destaca-se a correlação com temperatura como a mais importante, já com relação ao vento ressalta-se a forte ligação deste com as características locais e particulares de cada estação. Os campos médios das variáveis atmosféricas revelam durante altas concentrações de MP 10 e O 3 a predominância da atuação do Anticiclone Subtropical do Atlântico Sul (ASAS) sobre a região Sudeste do Brasil. Com relação à temperatura do ar, as maiores concentrações de ozônio ocorreram em dias com temperaturas elevadas, e sem diferença significativa em dias de altas concentrações de MP 10 . Por fim, as maiores concentrações de MP 10 e O 3 ocorreram em dias secos e de ventos fracos.Palavras-chave: análise de componentes principais, material particulado, ozônio, qualidade do ar, Estado de São Paulo. AbstractThis study aims to identify the relationship among weather variables, inhalable particulate matter (PM 10 ) and ozone (O 3 ) concentrations registered in the state of São Paulo. Therefore, data from 2005 to 2014 from five air quality monitoring stations were used. The study is based in two methodologies: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and meteorological means. In the PCA, for O 3 concentrations, positive correlations environment of 0.5 and 0.6 were found for air temperature, and negative correlations, of about 0.4 and 0.6 was found for relative air humidity. The contributions of the wind components to the O 3 concentrations differ from one location to another. In Cubatão and Bauru, the relation with southern winds is greater, and in the others the greater contribution is from the zonal component, however, in all these places the correlations are negative with O 3 . For PM 10 , lower values of correlation were obtained, negative with relative air humidity, and almost null with temperature. Correlations with wind components...

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Air quality in the megacity of São Paulo: Evolution over the last 30 years and future perspectives

Cited by 237 publications

References 145 publications

A two decades study on ozone variability and trend over the main urban areas of the São Paulo state, Brazil

A two decades study on ozone variability and trend over the main urban areas of the São Paulo state, Brazil

Biomarkers as indicators of fungal biomass in the atmosphere of São Paulo, Brazil

Investigação da Relação entre Variáveis Atmosféricas e a Concentração de MP10 E O3 no Estado de São Paulo

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