Air Quality Standards for Fluoride Vegetation Effects

Hill, A. Clyde

doi:10.1080/00022470.1969.10466495

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Typical vertical profiles for SO2 gas exist where concentrations are lower near the ground surface compared to 30-60 cm above the surface (Milchunas and Lauenroth, 1984). Grass species studied exhibited higher tissue concentration of sulfur in the leaf tips and margins, indicating the probability that duration of exposure was the primary factor, due to the older age of these plant parts in the grasses (Hill, 1969). Similarly, coniferous species have a longer duration of exposure due to year round needle presence.…”

Section: Phytotoxlc Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rebuttal of ARCO's reports on phytotoxicity (Redente) & vegetation (Keammerer) /

Kapustka¹,

Montana.²

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This report is presented in three sections addressing two reports and the sulfur dioxide issue interspersed in their reports. These are: 1. Sulfur Dioxide Issues 2. Redente Report 3. Keammerer Report Key points developed under each of these sections are summarized below. Sulfur Dioxide --ARCO has maintained that the conditions found on the injured areas are due solely to SO2 emissions that killed the vegetation and that subsequent erosion has impeded recovery. ARCO summarily dismisses arsenic and metals as causative agents of the injury. The literature review undertaken as part of this current review was focused on (a) identifying the mechanism of injury caused by SO2 emissions both at the level of individuals and communities; (b) characterizing the recovery of injured individuals and plant communities; and (c) residual effects in terrestrial systems following SO2 emissions. The primary long term effects in plant communities around historical smelting sites are caused by soil acidification and metals contamination. After SO2 emissions are reduced, plants rebound to preexposure levels within one to two growing seasons. Communities that were altered by SO2 emissions are likely to begin to recover in a manner similar to any other transient agent (stressor). The only long lasting effect that is somewhat unique to SO2 effects is the acidification of soil. In the terrestrial impact areas (Smelter Hill, Stucky Ridge, Mt. Haggin), soil pH has not dropped to levels that are innately phytotoxic. Therefore, no true residual impacts are attributable to SO2. Keammerer Report -Rebuttals to Keammerer's critique of the State's Phytotoxicity study are provided. Many of the challenges to the State's approach and conclusions appear to be based primarily on interpretations of Redente's study. As detailed in the review of Redente's report and supporting materials, rather than contradicting the State's findings, the data strongly support the State's position.Keammerer's study design relies heavily on maps of the injured areas. The criteria used to prepare the maps are not provided in either the report or the materials disclosed to the State. Working from these maps, Keammerer developed a sampling strategy that had the effect of over-stating the quality of vegetation of the area.His selection of control areas was based on the vegetation conditions that he was attempting to measure. This violates the fundamental principle of using independent criteria to quality controls.Because of these nuances of sampling, the quantitative data overstates the quality of vegetation of the impact area throughout his report.Nevertheless, the central descriptions developed in his studies corroborate the findings of the State.If one refers to the percentage cover rather than relative cover, it is clear that Dr. Keammerer is describing areas of very little vegetation. Notwithstanding his claim that the areas are not dominated by noxious weeds, his quantitative data shows high proportions of weeds including those designated as noxious weeds. Keammerer claims...

show abstract

Section: Phytotoxlc Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rebuttal of ARCO's reports on phytotoxicity (Redente) & vegetation (Keammerer) /

Kapustka¹,

Montana.²

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hill (28) reported that in a 10 year greenhouse study, "orchard grass, bromegrass, alta fescue, alfalfa, red clover, barley, onions, gladioli, celery, and other species were grown to the normal harvest stage in filtered air, the ambient air near an industrial plant, and hydrogen fluoride concentrations well above those of the ambient air. No growth reductions were measured except for gladiolus where leaf destruction was severe."…”

Section: Growth and Productionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Neither , fluoride accumulation nor atmospheric fluoride concentrations reveal the degree of injury or pathogenicity. This can be determined only by field observations(28,78).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorides as Air Pollutants Affecting Plants

Treshow¹

1971

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Taimede fluoriidisisalduse määramiseks uuritav materjal tuhastati temperatuuril 600 °C ja lahustati perkloorhappega. Lahusest määrati fluoriid fluoriidselektiivse elektroodi abil (pH vahemikus [4][5][6].…”

Section: результаты определенийunclassified

Определение Фторида В Растениях При Помощи Фторидселективного Электрода

Luiga¹,

Siirde²

1978

Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR. Che

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air Quality Standards for Fluoride Vegetation Effects

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Rebuttal of ARCO's reports on phytotoxicity (Redente) & vegetation (Keammerer) /

Rebuttal of ARCO's reports on phytotoxicity (Redente) & vegetation (Keammerer) /

Fluorides as Air Pollutants Affecting Plants

Определение Фторида В Растениях При Помощи Фторидселективного Электрода

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About