Air-sea Exchange and Marine Boundary Layer Atmospheric Transformation of Hg and their Importance in the Global Mercury Cycle

Mason, Robert P.

doi:10.1007/0-387-24494-8_10

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This small decrease could have resulted from either the closing of the local MWIs in 1997, decreases similar to those observed at the nearest Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) site in Seattle between 1997(National Atmospheric Deposition Program 1998, 1999, or declines in global atmospheric deposition as indicated in Wyoming, USA. Prestbo et al (2006) attributed the drop in Hg deposition at the Seattle MDN site between 1997 and 1998 to the closing of nearby medical waste incinerators, but could not rule out decreases in emissions from more regional sources.…”

Section: Fig 2 Emissions History Of Hg Species From Industrial and Mmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Mercury Sedimentation in Lakes in Western Whatcom County, Washington, USA and its Relation to Local Industrial and Municipal Atmospheric Sources

Paulson

Norton

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Section: Fig 2 Emissions History Of Hg Species From Industrial and Mmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…(1) Deposition near the source is dominated by particulate Hg and RGM, even though the majority of the emitted Hg is vaporous Hg (Mason 2005;Bullock 2005). …”

Section: Geographical Trends In Hg Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Sedimentation in Lakes in Western Whatcom County, Washington, USA and its Relation to Local Industrial and Municipal Atmospheric Sources

Paulson

Norton

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…RGM occurs in the air in very low concentrations (pg/m 3 ) and because of low vapour pressures it very quickly undergoes wet deposition to the surface (Schroeder et al 1998 ; Mason 2005 ; Mason et al 2010 ).…”

Section: Mercury Transformations In the Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elemental mercury (GEM) dominates, representing about 95% of its total mass; the second oxidation state can be found in small quantities, while the first oxidation state occurs in trace amounts (Schroeder et al 1998 ). Oxidized mercury species can be found in the air at very low concentrations (pg/m 3 ) and because of low vapour pressures they quickly undergo dry deposition to the surface (Schroeder et al 1998 ; Mason 2005 ; Mason et al 2010 ).…”

Section: Air Contamination By Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Contamination by Mercury, Emissions and Transformations—a Review

Gworek

Dmuchowski

Baczewska

et al. 2017

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The present and future air contamination by mercury is and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. This publication presents a review of the literature dealing with the issues related to air contamination by mercury and its transformations as well as its natural and anthropogenic emissions. The assessment of mercury emissions into the air poses serious methodological problems. It is particularly difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic emissions and re-emissions from lands and oceans, including past emissions. At present, the largest emission sources include fuel combustion, mainly that of coal, and “artisanal and small-scale gold mining” (ASGM). The distinctly highest emissions can be found in South and South-East Asia, accounting for 45% of the global emissions. The emissions of natural origin and re-emissions are estimated at 45–66% of the global emissions, with the largest part of emissions originating in the oceans. Forecasts on the future emission levels are not unambiguous; however, most forecasts do not provide for reductions in emissions. Ninety-five percent of mercury occurring in the air is Hg0—GEM, and its residence time in the air is estimated at 6 to 18 months. The residence times of its HgII—GOM and that in Hgp—TPM are estimated at hours and days. The highest mercury concentrations in the air can be found in the areas of mercury mines and those of ASGM. Since 1980 when it reached its maximum, the global background mercury concentration in the air has remained at a relatively constant level.

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“…GEM is a naturally occurring atmospheric species through Hg cycling in different media (air, water, and soil) and has a long lifetime and therefore affects the various ecosystems at global scales [ Mason et al ., ; Schroeder and Munthe , ]. There has been a significant amount of research, both in the experimental [ Ericksen et al ., ; Cobbett et al ., ; Xin and Gustin , ; Choi and Holsen , ] and modeling communities [ Lee et al ., ; Scholtz et al ., ; Dastoor and Laroque , ; Wang et al ., ], in order to gain a better understanding of Hg cycling between the atmosphere and both the land [ Schluter , ; Pirrone et al ., ; Gustin et al ., ] and the oceans [ Mason and Sheu , ; Mason , ]. GEM deposits to vegetated surfaces, where it can either remain and undergo further biogeochemical cycling or be reemitted into the atmosphere [ Gustin and Lindberg , ; Obrist et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach estimating bidirectional air‐surface exchange for gaseous elemental mercury at AMNet sites

Wright

Zhang

2015

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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The bidirectional air-surface exchange for gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and existing measurements of the compensation points over a variety of canopy types are reviewed. Deposition and emission of GEM are dependent on several factors such as the type of canopy, temperature, season, atmospheric GEM concentrations, and meteorological conditions, with compensation points varying between 0.5 and 33 ng m 23 . Emissions tend to increase from the spring to summer seasons, as the GEM accumulates in the foliage of the vegetation. A strong dependence on solar radiation has been observed, with higher emissions under light conditions. A bidirectional air-surface exchange flux model is proposed for estimating GEM fluxes at a two-hourly time resolution for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program's, Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) sites. Compared to the unidirectional dry deposition model used in Zhang et al. (2012), two additional parameters, stomatal and soil emission potential, were needed in the bidirectional model and were chosen based on knowledge gained in the literature review and model sensitivity test results. Application of this bidirectional model to AMNet sites have produced annual net deposition fluxes comparable to those estimated in Zhang et al. (2012) at the majority of the sites. In this study, the net GEM dry deposition has been estimated separately for each dominant land use type surrounding each site, and this approach is also recommended for future calculations for easy application of the results to assessments of the mercury effects on various ecosystems.

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Air-sea Exchange and Marine Boundary Layer Atmospheric Transformation of Hg and their Importance in the Global Mercury Cycle

Cited by 10 publications

References 74 publications

Mercury Sedimentation in Lakes in Western Whatcom County, Washington, USA and its Relation to Local Industrial and Municipal Atmospheric Sources

Mercury Sedimentation in Lakes in Western Whatcom County, Washington, USA and its Relation to Local Industrial and Municipal Atmospheric Sources

Air Contamination by Mercury, Emissions and Transformations—a Review

An approach estimating bidirectional air‐surface exchange for gaseous elemental mercury at AMNet sites

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