Air-sea fluxes of methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, isoprene and DMS from a Norwegian fjord following a phytoplankton bloom in a mesocosm experiment

Sinha, Vinayak; Williams, J.; Riebesell, Ulf; Meyerhoefer, Michael; Larsen, Aud; Paulino, Ana

doi:10.5194/acpd-6-9907-2006

Cited by 40 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…This could be evidence of elevated DOM precursors or enhanced biologically mediated acetone production in this more productive region. Therefore, this could show agreement with the mesocosm experiments conducted by Sinha et al [2007], where a positive correlation was shown between acetone emissions to the atmosphere with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during a phytoplankton bloom.…”

Section: Photochemical Effectssupporting

confidence: 90%

Methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean

Beale

Dixon

Arnold

et al. 2013

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

126

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[1] Oceanic methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone concentrations were measured during an Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) cruise from the UK to Chile (49 N to 39 S) in 2009. Methanol (48-361 nM) and acetone (2-24 nM) varied over the track with enrichment in the oligotrophic Northern Atlantic Gyre. Acetaldehyde showed less variability (3-9 nM) over the full extent of the transect. These oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were also measured subsurface, with methanol and acetaldehyde mostly showing homogeneity throughout the water column. Acetone displayed a reduction below the mixed layer. OVOC concentrations did not consistently correlate with primary production or chlorophyll-a levels in the surface Atlantic Ocean. However, we did find a novel and significant negative relationship between acetone concentration and bacterial leucine incorporation, suggesting that acetone might be removed by marine bacteria as a source of carbon. Microbial turnover of both acetone and acetaldehyde was confirmed. Modeled atmospheric data are used to estimate the likely air-side OVOC concentrations. The direction and magnitude of air-sea fluxes vary for all three OVOCs depending on location. We present evidence that the ocean may exhibit regions of acetaldehyde under-saturation. Extrapolation suggests that the Atlantic Ocean represents an overall source of these OVOCs to the atmosphere at 3, 3, and 1 Tg yr À1 for methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone, respectively.

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Section: Photochemical Effectssupporting

confidence: 90%

Methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean

Beale

Dixon

Arnold

et al. 2013

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

126

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“…Phytoplankton and atmospheric deposition are considered the primary sources of C1 compounds in surface seawater (Heikes et al, 2002;Sinha et al, 2007), but little information is available about their concentrations or seasonal trends that may lead to their availability as substrates for bacterioplankton. Methanol is the most abundant volatile organic compound in the lower atmosphere; however, processes influencing the atmospheric: marine flux are not well understood (Singh et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic metabolism of a broad range of C1 compounds in the marine methylotrophic bacterium HTCC2181

Halsey

Carter

Giovannoni

2011

Environmental Microbiology

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The 1.3 Mbp genome of HTCC2181, a member of the abundant OM43 clade of coastal bacterioplankton, suggested it is an obligate methylotroph. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that methanol and formaldehyde, but not other common C1 compounds such as methylamine, could support growth. Methanol concentrations in seawater are reportedly < 100 nM, suggesting either that the flux of methanol through plankton pools is very rapid, or that methanol may not be the primary growth substrate for HTCC2181. Therefore, we investigated the apparent extreme substrate range restriction of HTCC2181 in greater detail. Growth rate and maximum cell density of HTCC2181 increased with methanol concentration, yielding a K(s) value of 19 µM. In contrast, no growth was observed in the presence of the methylated (C1) compounds, methyl chloride, trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO) or dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) when they were the sole substrates. However, growth rate, maximum cell density and cellular ATP content were significantly enhanced when any of these methylated compounds were provided in the presence of a limiting concentration of methanol. These observations fit a model in which the metabolic intermediate formaldehyde is required for net carbon assimilation, allowing C1 substrates that do not produce a formaldehyde intermediate to be oxidized for energy, but not assimilated into biomass. Rates of methanol and TMAO oxidation and assimilation were measured with (14)C-radiolabelled compounds in cultures of HTCC2181 and seawater microbial communities collected off the Oregon coast. The results indicated that in nature as well as in culture, C1 substrates are partitioned between those that are mainly oxidized to produce energy and those that are assimilated. These findings indicate that the combined fluxes of C1 compounds in coastal systems are sufficient to support significant populations of obligate methyltrophs by a metabolic strategy that involves the synergistic metabolism of multiple C1 compounds.

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“…However, sources and sinks of methanol are not well defined for ocean surface waters (Heikes et al, 2002). Phytoplankton is postulated to be a source of methanol (Sinha et al, 2007), but measurements of productive phytoplankton communities in mesocosms suggest that even under these conditions seawater is a sink for atmospheric methanol (Sinha et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small genome of an abundant coastal ocean methylotroph

Giovannoni

Hayakawa

Tripp

et al. 2008

Environmental Microbiology

190

224

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OM43 is a clade of uncultured beta-proteobacteria that is commonly found in environmental nucleic acid sequences from productive coastal ocean ecosystems, and some freshwater environments, but is rarely detected in ocean gyres. Ecological studies associate OM43 with phytoplankton blooms, and evolutionary relationships indicate that they might be methylotrophs. Here we report on the genome sequence and metabolic properties of the first axenic isolate of the OM43 clade, strain HTCC2181, which was obtained using new procedures for culturing cells in natural seawater. We found that this strain is an obligate methylotroph that cannot oxidize methane but can use the oxidized C1 compounds methanol and formaldehyde as sources of carbon and energy. Its complete genome is 1304 428 bp in length, the smallest yet reported for a free-living cell. The HTCC2181 genome includes genes for xanthorhodopsin and retinal biosynthesis, an auxiliary system for producing transmembrane electrochemical potentials from light. The discovery that HTCC2181 is an extremely simple specialist in C1 metabolism suggests an unanticipated, important role for oxidized C1 compounds as substrates for bacterioplankton productivity in coastal ecosystems.

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Air-sea fluxes of methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, isoprene and DMS from a Norwegian fjord following a phytoplankton bloom in a mesocosm experiment

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean

Methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean

Synergistic metabolism of a broad range of C1 compounds in the marine methylotrophic bacterium HTCC2181

The small genome of an abundant coastal ocean methylotroph

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