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Air traffic management ensures the safety of flight by optimizing flows and maintaining separation between aircraft. After giving some definitions, some typical feature of aircraft trajectories are presented. Trajectories are objects belonging to spaces with infinite dimensions. The naive way to address such problem is to sample trajectories at some regular points and to create a big vector of positions (and or speeds). In order to manipulate such objects with algorithms, one must reduce the dimension of the search space by using more efficient representations. Some dimension reduction tricks are then presented for which advantages and drawbacks are presented. Then, front propagation approaches are introduced with a focus on Fast Marching Algorithms and Ordered upwind algorithms. An example of application of such algorithm to a real instance of air traffic control problem is also given. When aircraft dynamics have to be included in the model, optimal control approaches are really efficient. We present also some application to aircraft trajectory design. Finally, we introduce some path planning techniques via natural language processing and mathematical programming.
Air traffic management ensures the safety of flight by optimizing flows and maintaining separation between aircraft. After giving some definitions, some typical feature of aircraft trajectories are presented. Trajectories are objects belonging to spaces with infinite dimensions. The naive way to address such problem is to sample trajectories at some regular points and to create a big vector of positions (and or speeds). In order to manipulate such objects with algorithms, one must reduce the dimension of the search space by using more efficient representations. Some dimension reduction tricks are then presented for which advantages and drawbacks are presented. Then, front propagation approaches are introduced with a focus on Fast Marching Algorithms and Ordered upwind algorithms. An example of application of such algorithm to a real instance of air traffic control problem is also given. When aircraft dynamics have to be included in the model, optimal control approaches are really efficient. We present also some application to aircraft trajectory design. Finally, we introduce some path planning techniques via natural language processing and mathematical programming.
FAA traffic managers require decision support tools that will help them visualize the complex interactions of air traffic flows. With advanced tools, they can more effectively and efficiently carry out their responsibilities. MITRE/CAASD and the FAA have developed one such tool, the Future Traffic Display, which displays future positions of air traffic. Future Traffic Display enables traffic managers to examine both current flight plan trajectories and the predicted results of proposed traffic flow management strategies. Evaluations conducted with the Future Traffic Display, both in a simulation environment and in field shadow mode operations, show that traffic managers find the Future Traffic Display useful for numerous tasks: analyzing potential problems, identifying flows involved in the problem, visualizing the effect of a proposed traffic management initiative for resolving the problem, monitoring customer-submitted preferred routes, determining whether those routes could be accommodated, and coordinating with customers and other traffic managers. After the most recent evaluations, both traffic manager and customer participants affirmed the value of Future Traffic Display, listing it as their top priority for implementation.
The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is expected to bring about major improvements in both airspace design and utilization. One element of NextGen, Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC), is proposed as a means to facilitate substantially more efficient airspace capacity management. A new metric or set of metrics is required for analyzing future airspace design concepts like DAC. These metrics are likely to replace the current operational index of workload (i.e., Monitor Alert Parameter, or MAP). The new metric(s) should be able to accommodate various operational concepts and their associated airspace designs. Toward this end, we have developed a multi-component metric, Simplified Dynamic Density (SDD), whose component weightings can be adjusted to the relevant situational characteristics created by various operational concepts. The value of this metric, as evidenced by the current study, is that (a) it can be computed from a single input file containing flight-planned trajectories such as ETMS "FZ" records; (b) in addition to calibration against controller workload in real-time human-in-the-loop simulations, it can be "self-calibrated" using historical data and certain reasonable assumptions on sector workload in today's airspace; and (c) it can be applied successfully to trigger DAC actions, thereby optimizing airspace use. With continued development and use of SDD it should be possible for the research community to better understand NextGen concepts and their impact on the workload of the ATM operational community.
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