Airborne endotoxin concentrations in indoor and outdoor particulate matter and their predictors in an urban city

Yoda, Yoshiko; Tamura, Kenji; Shima, Masayuki

doi:10.1111/ina.12370

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The deletion, the knockdown or the pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 protects mice from obesity, inflammation, and leptin resistance [20][21][22]43 . Up to now, the major agonist of TLR4 is LPS, which has been found in the PM 2.5 44 , representing a potential inflammatory pathway induced by air pollution. In this regard, it is possible to assume that elevated TLR4 expression in the hypothalamus may be due, at least in part, to exposure to PM 2.5 and that a deletion of TLR4 before exposure to PM 2.5 could protect mice from the development of leptin resistance and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5) induces hypothalamic inflammation, and long-term leads to leptin resistance and obesity via Tlr4/Ikbke in mice

Campolim

Weissmann

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Young-Bum Kim 5 & patricia oliveira prada 1,2 ✉ A previous study demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD), administered for one-three-days, induces hypothalamic inflammation before obesity's established, and the long term affects leptin signaling/ action due to inflammation. We investigate whether exposure to particulate matter of a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (pM 2.5) in mice fed with a chow diet leads to similar metabolic effects caused by high-fat feeding. Compared to the filtered air group (FA), one-day-exposure-PM 2.5 did not affect adiposity. However, five-days-exposure-PM 2.5 increased hypothalamic microglia density, toll-like-receptor-4 (Tlr4), and the inhibitor-NF-kappa-B-kinase-epsilon (Ikbke) expression. Concurrently, fat mass, food intake (FI), and ucp1 expression in brown adipose tissue were also increased. Besides, decreased hypothalamic STAT3-phosphorylation and Pomc expression were found after twelve-weeksexposure-pM 2.5. These were accompanied by increased FI and lower energy expenditure (EE), leading to obesity, along with increased leptin and insulin levels and HOMA. Mechanistically, the deletion of Tlr4 or knockdown of the Ikbke gene in the hypothalamus was sufficient to reverse the metabolic outcomes of twelve-weeks-exposure-PM 2.5. These data demonstrated that short-term exposure-PM 2.5 increases hypothalamic inflammation, similar to a HFD. Long-term exposure-PM 2.5 is even worse, leading to leptin resistance, hyperphagia, and decreased EE. These effects are most likely due to chronic hypothalamic inflammation, which is regulated by Tlr4 and Ikbke signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5) induces hypothalamic inflammation, and long-term leads to leptin resistance and obesity via Tlr4/Ikbke in mice

Campolim

Weissmann

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Third, we were unable to measure the effect of indoor endotoxin level on the exacerbation of asthma in this study. However, because endotoxin concentrations in indoor air are significantly correlated with those in outdoor air [ 29 ], we believe that the endotoxin concentration of outdoor air is a suitable surrogate for endotoxin in the environment in order to analyze its association with health effects in a large population study. Fourth, data were available for 21 months in this study; thus, more long-term study is necessary to clarify the seasonal patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of airborne particles, protein, and endotoxin with emergency department visits for asthma in Kyoto, Japan

Khan

Coulibaly

Μatsumoto

et al. 2018

Environ Health Prev Med

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BackgroundThe health effects of biological aerosols on the respiratory system are unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association of airborne particle, protein, and endotoxin with emergency department visits for asthma in Kyoto City, Japan.MethodsWe collected data on emergency department visits at a hospital in Kyoto from September 2014 to May 2016. Fine (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) and coarse (≥ 2.5 μm) particles were collected in Kyoto, and protein and endotoxin levels were analyzed. The association of the levels of particles, protein, endotoxin, and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and air pressure) with emergency department visits for asthma was estimated.ResultsThere were 1 to 15 emergency department visits for asthma per week, and the numbers of visits increased in the autumn and spring, namely many weeks in September, October, and April. Weekly concentration of protein in fine particles was markedly higher than that in coarse particles, and protein concentration in fine particles was high in spring months. Weekly endotoxin concentrations in fine and coarse particles were high in autumn months, including September 2014 and 2015. Even after adjusting for meteorological factors, the concentrations of coarse particles and endotoxin in both particles were significant factors on emergency department visits for asthma.ConclusionsOur results suggest that atmospheric coarse particles and endotoxin are significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0731-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Nevertheless, as previously reported (Egondi et al, 2013;Khan and Kraemer, 2014;Kruza et al, 2017;Yoda et al, 2017) human population is continuously being exposed to the risk of air pollution, for example, in 2014; about 92 percent of the world population was living in places where the WHO guidelines on air quality standards were not well met. The reports also, showed that around 88% of the premature deaths were registered in low-middleincome countries, mainly in the Western Pacific and South-east Asia due to air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Awareness on Air Pollution and Risk Preparedness among Residents in Kigali City of Rwanda

Nahayo

Nibagwire

Habiyaremye

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Po

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The rapid human population growth, industrialization, urbanization, agricultural expansion and other development activities are gradually polluting the quality of air with severe effects on the human health and environment as well. This is particularly, exacerbated by lack information sharing which limits the risk assessment, and community approach to identify the key sources and the mitigation or adaptation strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of air pollution risk awareness in order to enhance its preparedness and adaptation in Kigali City of Rwanda. The authors conducted an interview with 225 respondents randomly selected among the residents in May 2018. The results indicated that the primary air pollution sources are automobile highlighted by 45 percent of respondents, followed by stationery sources at 36 percent. However, the air pollution risk related information is mainly provided at television (50%), owned by 32 percent in contrast of radio possessed by 49% of residents, but used at low extent (36%). This consequently, leads to health problems, acid rain and natural resources depletion as stated by the informants. Accordingly, the air pollution risk awareness is at low level, as respondents highlighted that the related education/training is delivered at low extent (9.3 percent), despite its role in risk awareness and preparedness among the community. While the car free day (32.4%) and forestland expansion (42%) are practiced at large extent than education. The relevant community air pollution risk awareness and reduction measures are suggested. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the awareness on air pollution and the degree of preparedness to the risk in Kigali city of Rwanda. Thus, its findings will help policy makers to better set up air pollution abatement measures under consideration of the residents' wellness.

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Airborne endotoxin concentrations in indoor and outdoor particulate matter and their predictors in an urban city

Cited by 40 publications

References 60 publications

Short-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5) induces hypothalamic inflammation, and long-term leads to leptin resistance and obesity via Tlr4/Ikbke in mice

Short-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5) induces hypothalamic inflammation, and long-term leads to leptin resistance and obesity via Tlr4/Ikbke in mice

Association of airborne particles, protein, and endotoxin with emergency department visits for asthma in Kyoto, Japan

Awareness on Air Pollution and Risk Preparedness among Residents in Kigali City of Rwanda

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