Airborne particle sizes and sources found in indoor air

Owen, M; Ensor, David; Sparks, L.E.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90403-8

Cited by 189 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, the literature shows that the extent of health effects resulting from aerosol exposure is influenced not only by the total mass of inhaled particles but also by their sizes [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Air Contamination in Farmhouses – Quantitative Aspects

Lis¹,

Mainelis

Górny

2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial contamination of the air in farmhouses (defined as residential buildings on farms) on the basis of volumetric (using a six-stage Andersen impactor) measurements of bacterial and fungal aerosols. The microbial air quality (including both the total concentration of bioaerosols and their respirable fractions) in farmhouses was collated with the bacterial and fungal air contamination in urban dwellings. In comparison with the urban dwellings, the air in the farmhouses was characterized by significantly higher concentrations of culturable bacteria and fungi. However, respirable microorganisms in the farmhouses constituted the smaller fraction of all culturable bacteria and fungi. The results indicate that the microbial air quality in the farmhouses was most likely affected by the presence of farm buildings, which acted as additional bioaerosol emission sources. The smaller respirable bioaerosol fraction observed in the farmhouses could be explained by the indirect transfer of bacteria and fungi on workers' clothing and bodies from farm buildings to the habitable environments.

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“…However, the literature shows that the extent of health effects resulting from aerosol exposure is influenced not only by the total mass of inhaled particles but also by their sizes [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Air Contamination in Farmhouses – Quantitative Aspects

Lis¹,

Mainelis

Górny

2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…PM 10 is divided into coarse fraction (>2.5 m in diameter), most of which will be retained in the upper airways of the respiratory tract and a finer fraction (<2.5 µm in diameter), which is also referred to as PM 2.5 . This finer fraction is probably liable to affect the respiratory health, as the particles are able to penetrate deep into the respiratory tract (Owen and Ensor, 1992;Berico et al, 1997). PM 2.5 is significantly correlated with deaths from cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer (Berglund et al, 1992;Schwartz, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor particulate matter in urban residences of Alexandria, Egypt

Abdel-Salam

2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Indoor particulate matter samples were collected in 17 homes in an urban area in Alexandria during the summer season. During air measurement in all selected homes, parallel outdoor air samples were taken in the balconies of the domestic residences. It was found that the mean indoor PM 2.5 and PM 10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 and 10 m, respectively) concentrations were 53.5 AE 15.2 and 77.2 AE 15.1 µg/m 3 , respectively. The corresponding mean outdoor levels were 66.2 AE 16.5 and 123.8 AE 32.1 µg/m 3 , respectively. PM 2.5 concentrations accounted, on average, for 68.8 AE 12.8% of the total PM 10 concentrations indoors, whereas PM 2.5 contributed to 53.7 AE 4.9% of the total outdoor PM 10 concentrations. The median indoor/outdoor mass concentration (I/O) ratios were 0.81 (range: 0.43-1.45) and 0.65 (range: 0.4-1.07) for PM 2.5 and PM 10 , respectively. Only four homes were found with I/O ratios above 1, indicating significant contribution from indoor sources. Poor correlation was seen between the indoor PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels and the corresponding outdoor concentrations. PM 10 levels were significantly correlated with PM 2.5 loadings indoors and outdoors and this might be related to PM 10 and PM 2.5 originating from similar particulate matter emission sources. Smoking, cooking using gas stoves, and cleaning were the major indoor sources contributed to elevated indoor levels of PM 10 and PM 2.5 .Implications: The current study presents results of the first PM 2.5 and PM 10 study in homes located in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. Scarce data are available on indoor air quality in Egypt. Poor correlation was seen between the indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentrations. Indoor sources such as smoking, cooking, and cleaning were found to be the major contributors to elevated indoor levels of PM 10 and PM 2.5 .

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“…Finer particles can penetrate more deeply into the respiratory tract than coarser ones (James et al 1991;Owen and Ensor 1992;Seaton et al 1995), and they also typically contain higher levels of harmful substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chemical mutagens (Ando et al 1996;Kiss et al 1998). The major components of urban ambient TSP (total suspended particulates), PM 10 (particulate matter, PM, less than 10 µm in diameter), and PM 2.5 (particles less than 2.5 µm in diameter) have been extensively investigated with many studies focusing on sulfate (SO 2-4 ), nitrate (NO -3 ), OC, and EC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China

Shen

Cao

Arimoto

et al. 2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

102

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Daily mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic (WS-i) ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were determined for fine particulate matter (PM 1 , particles < 1.0 µm in diameter) collected at Xi'an, China. The annual mean PM 1 mass concentration was 127.3 ± 62.1 µg m -3 : WS-i ions accounted for ∼38% of the PM 1 mass; carbonaceous aerosol was ∼30%; and an unidentified fraction, probably mostly mineral dust, was ∼32%. WS-i ions and carbonaceous aerosol were the dominant species in winter and autumn, whereas the unidentified fraction had stronger influences in spring and summer. Ion balance calculations indicate that PM 1 was more acidic than PM 2.5 from the same site. PM 1 mass, sulfate and nitrate concentrations followed the order winter > spring > autumn > summer, but OC and EC levels were higher in autumn than spring. Annual mean OC and EC concentrations were 21.0 ± 12.0 µg m −3 and 5.1 ± 2.7 µg m -3 with high OC/EC ratios, presumably reflecting emissions from coal combustion and biomass burning. Secondary organic carbon, estimated from the minimum OC/EC ratios, comprised 28.9% of the OC. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicates that secondary aerosol and combustion emissions were the major sources for PM 1 .

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Airborne particle sizes and sources found in indoor air

Cited by 189 publications

References 23 publications

Microbial Air Contamination in Farmhouses – Quantitative Aspects

Microbial Air Contamination in Farmhouses – Quantitative Aspects

Indoor particulate matter in urban residences of Alexandria, Egypt

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China

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Airborne particle sizes and sources found in indoor air

Cited by 189 publications

References 23 publications

Microbial Air Contamination in Farmhouses – Quantitative Aspects

Microbial Air Contamination in Farmhouses – Quantitative Aspects

Indoor particulate matter in urban residences of Alexandria, Egypt

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM1) from Xi'an, China

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Product

Resources

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Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China