Airborne Radar Observations of the Flight Behavior of Small Insects in the Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer

Geerts, Bart; Miao, Qun

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-34.2.361

Cited by 34 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…These findings are consistent with studies that found insects riding thermals in such a way as to maintain an approximately constant altitude (Geerts and Miao 2005). As a result, the HYSPLIT model was adjusted so that if the temperature along any trajectory drops below 11°C, a new vertical elevation is found:…”

Section: Hysplit Trajectory Modelsupporting

confidence: 87%

Investigation into mountain pine beetle above-canopy dispersion using weather radar and an atmospheric dispersion model

Ainslie

Jackson

2010

Aerobiologia

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Above-canopy, wind-assisted mountain pine beetle (MPB) dispersion in British Columbia (BC) is examined during the summer 2005 beetle emergence period. Above-canopy dispersion is simulated by the HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersion model using back trajectories started from locations identified by clear-air returns from the Prince George BC weather radar station. The dispersion calculations are carried out over the 10 days showing the highest intensity of clear-air returns from the 2005 emergence season. The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is used to simulate the meteorological conditions during each of the 10 emergence days. Cumulative clear-air returns throughout each emergence day are used to estimate the distribution of beetle emergence times and atmospheric residence times. Evaluation of the WRF model output is presented using both surface and upper air observations. Evaluation of the HYSPLIT model is performed through a comparison of the vertical distribution of MPB observed in a previous study. A secondary HYSPLIT evaluation is performed using aerial surveys taken during the following summer (2006), which identify the previous years' beetleinfested regions. Beetle flight distances from the time of beetle emergence to the time of peak clear-air returns are calculated for each trajectory, and the distribution of all flight distances is presented. The mean back trajectory distance is 20.2 km with a standard deviation of 13.6 km. These values represent the MPB flight distance during half of the beetle atmospheric residence time, and typical daily windassisted dispersion distances would be expected to be roughly double this value. Mean beetle residence time in the atmosphere over the 10 emergence events is found to be 3.2 h.

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Section: Hysplit Trajectory Modelsupporting

confidence: 87%

Investigation into mountain pine beetle above-canopy dispersion using weather radar and an atmospheric dispersion model

Ainslie

Jackson

2010

Aerobiologia

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“…However, transport of insects (winged and wingless) also occurs aloft within the CBL. Geerts and Miao (2005) used Doppler radar to report on the transport of insects in the CBL.…”

Section: Surface Wind and Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather and climate patterns in Canada's prairie grasslands

McGinn¹

2010

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands (Volume 1): Ecology and Interactions in Grassland Habitats

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Abstract. The underlying uniqueness of Canada's prairie grasslands is its aridity. The dominant air mass of this region is continental in nature and is associated with a relatively low amount of precipitation and high potential evaporation during the summer. Drought in this region is frequent, lasting one to two months on average, and presents a significant barrier to ecological capacity and agriculture. Severe droughts are associated with a stalled anticyclonic system that directs advected moist air around the region. Canada's prairie grasslands receive on average of between 300 and 550 mm of precipitation, most of which is received as rain in spring and summer. Over the last century, changes to the climate have resulted in a general warming trend that is projected to increase further as a result of an enhanced greenhouse gas effect. Native grassland plant diversity and insect populations may shift as a result of expected climate changes.Résumé. Les prairies canadiennes doivent leur caractère unique à leur aridité. La masse d'air dominante dans cette région est continentale, et se caractérise par un degré relativement faible de précipitations et une évaporativité élevée en été. Les sécheresses sont fréquentes dans cette région; elles durent en moyenne de un à deux mois et réduisent sensiblement la capacité limite du paysage et le rendement agricole. Les sécheresses graves sont causées par un système anticyclonique stable qui empêche les courants d'air humide de pénétrer dans la région. Les prairies canadiennes reçoivent en moyenne de 300 à 550 mm de précipitations, la plupart sous forme de pluie au printemps et en été. Au cours du dernier siècle, le changement climatique a provoqué un réchauffement général qui devrait s'intensifier sous l'effet de l'augmentation des concentrations de gaz à effet de serre. La diversité des espèces végétales indigènes et les populations d'insectes pourraient évoluer sous l'effet des changements climatiques attendus.

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“…(2008) suggested that MPBs likely actively regulate their height in the atmosphere in response to temperature. as hypothesized by Geerts and Miao (2005). Moreover, Jackson eta!.…”

Section: The M Echanism S Behi11d Lo11g Distatlce Mf'll Disp Ersalmentioning

confidence: 76%

A microsatellite analysis of the western Canadian mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic: phylogeography and long distance dispersal patterns

Bartell¹

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The mountain pine beetle (MPB) is an eruptive insect that is currently causing an outbreak of record size in Western Canada. A lack of long distance MPB dispersal data has limited our understanding of and ability to manage MPB epidemics. My goal was to determine the MPBs Western Canadmn population structure. upon wh1ch d1spersal patterns may be supenmposed. I analyzed MPBs from 35 mfested lodgepole pine stands at six microsatellite loc1. The MPB exh1bited strong and s1gmticant Western Canadian population structure. Th1~ population ~tructure wa~ mcongruent w1th the structure of its primary symbiont. 0. £ hn igerwn. but congruent \\1 ith the structure of 1ts primary host, P.contorta. Novel fungal selection pres~ure~ ha"Ve probably caused the discrepancy in beetle/fungus phylogeography. A result of Western Canadmn MPB population structure alternately contrasts and supports population structure~ previou~ly reported for Scolytids, including MPBs. The partitioning of MPB populatiOn structure into a Northern and Southern group is most likely the result of postglacial recolonization and differences in MPB population dynamics. Primarily using my genetic data, I inferred the historical movement patterns of the MPB in Western Canada. I found no evidence that the epidemic spread from an epicenter in Tweedsmuir Provincial Park. My data support multiple sources for the current epidemic; I suggest that regional population expansions have caused the rapid escalation in the severity of the current epidemic. MPB movement patterns and atmospheric wind data were concordant; winds in Western Canada are predominantly westerly or southwesterly. which was the predominant direction of inferred movements amo ng MPB populations. In contrast, current MPB population structure best fits a 30-year climatic suitabi lity distribution for a historical as II opposed to the most current ( 1971 -2000) period. The population genetics of long distance MPB dispersal. an evolutionary theory for MPB population dynamics. and MPB "range expansion" are extensively d1scussed. Potential biases and research limitations are noted. Based on my results and inferences. future areas of investigation are noted.An executive summary. with management recommendations. is prov1ded as a conclusion.

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Airborne Radar Observations of the Flight Behavior of Small Insects in the Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Investigation into mountain pine beetle above-canopy dispersion using weather radar and an atmospheric dispersion model

Investigation into mountain pine beetle above-canopy dispersion using weather radar and an atmospheric dispersion model

Weather and climate patterns in Canada's prairie grasslands

A microsatellite analysis of the western Canadian mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic: phylogeography and long distance dispersal patterns

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