2014
DOI: 10.1121/1.4861244
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Airborne sound propagation over sea during offshore wind farm piling

Abstract: Offshore piling for wind farm construction has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to the extremely high noise emission levels associated with such operations. While underwater noise levels were shown to be harmful for the marine biology, the propagation of airborne piling noise over sea has not been studied in detail before. In this study, detailed numerical calculations have been performed with the Green's Function Parabolic Equation (GFPE) method to estimate noise levels up to a distance of 10 … Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…an equivalent impedance can be used [6,8]. Validation of this approach applied to water roughness is lacking in literature.…”
Section: Of 20mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…an equivalent impedance can be used [6,8]. Validation of this approach applied to water roughness is lacking in literature.…”
Section: Of 20mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The impedance was used to inform PE predictions compared to long range acoustic measurements. A second approach by Van Renterghem et al [8] used Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations over short distances (source and receiver separated by 5 m) to replicate a method previously reported by Boulanger and Attenborough [19] to find equivalent impedances of pseudorandom sea surfaces. The equivalent impedance determined with the FDTD method was implemented in PE predictions of atmospheric acoustic propagation above water over a 10 km range.…”
Section: Of 20mentioning
confidence: 99%
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