“…As such parameters change, they usually elicit a step change in exposure. There is evidence that a step change of noise exposure generally goes along with a so called "over-reaction" of the residents: With an increase of the exposure level, people are more annoyed than would be predicted by steady-state exposure-effect curves, whereas with a decrease of the level, they are less annoyed than would be predicted by the same curves ͑Fidell et al., 1985;Fidell et al, 2002;Griffiths and Raw, 1989͒. Although some models and tentative explanations have previously been published ͑Job, 1988b; Job and Hatfield, 2003͒, the mechanism of how residents judge their level of annoyance in response to the exposure change is not understood in detail.…”