Airflow-induced bronchoconstriction: role of epithelium and eicosanoid mediators

Freed, Arthur N.; Peters, S. P.; Menkes, H. A.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1987.62.2.574

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that canine peripheral airways were nonrefractory to dry air [10,11,13] and hypertonic aerosol challenges [23]. In this study, we found that AIB was unaffected by a preceding hypertonic aerosol challenge ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The dried sample was then reconstituted to 1.0 ml with 0.1% gelatin-phosphate buffered saline. The mediator was then measured using a competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) system, as described previously [11,30]. Assays were sensitive from 5-20 pg·0.1 ml -1 and crossreactivity of all antibodies was <1% with PGE 1 , PGE 2 , 6-keto PGF 1 , PGF 2α , and TxB 2 [31].…”

Section: Mediator Concentrations In Balfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four dogs (6 lobes) were challenged with hypertonic saline aerosol before and after indomethacin (5 mg·kg -1 , i.v.). This dose had previously been shown to significantly decrease AIB in the canine lung periphery [11,13]. Sublobar segments were exposed to either 60 or 120 s of hypertonic aerosol, depending on the sensitivity of the animal.…”

Section: Effect Of Dry Air and 144% Nacl Aerosol Challenge On Balf Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Airway mucosal cell damage, as assessed by differential cell analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), is associated with AIB in canine peripheral airways [11], and in asthmatic humans [12]. BALF cell profile data also suggest that challenge with warm, wet air [10,11,13], and pretreatment with β-agonists [14,15], attenuate AIB and significantly protect the canine mucosa from airway desiccation, when compared to untreated dry air challenged segments. In addition to β-agonists [14][15][16], methylxanthines [16,17], muscarinic receptor antagonists [13,18], cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors [11,13,19], leukotriene antagonists [20,21], and airway cooling [6][7][8][9] reduce or abolish AIB in canine peripheral airways and individuals with asthma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry air- and hypertonic aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction and cellular responses in the canine lung periphery

Freed¹,

Omori

Wc³

et al. 1994

Eur Respir J

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D Dr ry y a ai ir r--a an nd d h hy yp pe er rt to on ni ic c a ae er ro os so ol l--i in nd du uc ce ed d b br ro on nc ch ho oc co on ns st tr ri ic ct ti io on n a an nd dc ce el ll lu ul la ar r r re es sp po on ns se es s i in n t th he e c ca an ni in ne e l lu un ng g p pe er ri ip ph he er ry y We compared airflow-and hypertonic aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction (AIB and HIB, respectively) in the canine lung periphery, using a wedged bronchoscope to measure collateral system resistance (Rcs). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to examine changes in cells and mediators during AIB and HIB.We found that: 1) peripheral airways are not refractory to either dry air or hypertonic aerosols, and do not exhibit cross-refractoriness to these stimuli; 2) differences in strength of stimulus can alter the magnitude but not the time course of HIB; 3) within an individual, AIB and HIB are significantly correlated; 4) epithelial cells recovered in BAL fluid (BALF) are significantly elevated after AIB, and are similarly increased after HIB; 5) when compared to control, mediators recovered in BALF are significantly elevated after AIB but not HIB; 6) HIB is not altered by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition; and 7) lavage with hypertonic fluid does not affect the number of epithelial cells recovered, although the concentrations of some mediators are increased.We speculate that differences in cell and mediator profiles reflect differences in the time course of AIB and HIB that result from the modulation of temperature sensitive pathways that occurs during dry air, but not during hypertonic aerosol challenge.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Mediator Concentrations In Balfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Dry Air and 144% Nacl Aerosol Challenge On Balf Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry air- and hypertonic aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction and cellular responses in the canine lung periphery

Freed¹,

Omori

Wc³

et al. 1994

Eur Respir J

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Air Quality and Temperature Effects on Exercise‐Induced Bronchoconstriction

Rundell

Anderson

Sue‐Chu

et al. 2015

Comprehensive Physiology

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Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is exaggerated constriction of the airways usually soon after cessation of exercise. This is most often a response to airway dehydration in the presence of airway inflammation in a person with a responsive bronchial smooth muscle. Severity is related to water content of inspired air and level of ventilation achieved and sustained. Repetitive hyperpnea of dry air during training is associated with airway inflammatory changes and remodeling. A response during exercise that is related to pollution or allergen is considered EIB. Ozone and particulate matter are the most widespread pollutants of concern for the exercising population; chronic exposure can lead to new-onset asthma and EIB. Freshly generated emissions particulate matter less than 100 nm is most harmful. Evidence for acute and long-term effects from exercise while inhaling high levels of ozone and/or particulate matter exists. Much evidence supports a relationship between development of airway disorders and exercise in the chlorinated pool. Swimmers typically do not respond in the pool; however, a large percentage responds to a dry air exercise challenge. Studies support oxidative stress mediated pathology for pollutants and a more severe acute response occurs in the asthmatic. Winter sport athletes and swimmers have a higher prevalence of EIB, asthma and airway remodeling than other athletes and the general population. Because of fossil fuel powered ice resurfacers in ice rinks, ice rink athletes have shown high rates of EIB and asthma. For the athlete training in the urban environment, training during low traffic hours and in low traffic areas is suggested.

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Dietary chloride as a possible determinant of the severity of exercise-induced asthma

Mickleborough

et al. 2001

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Dietary sodium chloride (NaCl) has been shown to alter the severity of exercise-induced asthma, but it is not known if the sodium and chloride ions have independent effects in this regard. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that both a low sodium, low chloride diet and a high sodium, low chloride diet would improve post-exercise pulmonary function in subjects with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) compared to a normal NaCl diet (NSD); but that neither of these diets would have an effect on post-exercise pulmonary function in control (non-EIA) subjects. Eight subjects who suffered from EIA and eight subjects who did not (control) took part in a double-blind crossover study. Pre- and post-exercise pulmonary function was assessed after 2 weeks on a NSD, a low NaCl diet (LSD, low sodium, low chloride) or a sodium bicarbonate diet (NaHCO3 diet, high sodium, low chloride). A 1 week washout period occurred between diets. Altering dietary sodium or chloride had no effect on pre-exercise (baseline) pulmonary function in either group or on post-exercise pulmonary function in control subjects. However, both the LSD and the NaHCO3 diet lessened the deterioration in post-exercise pulmonary function in EIA subjects. Comparing results from pre- to post-exercise, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at 15 min post-exercise differed significantly (P < 0.05) between diets [mean (SEM) 7 (4)% on the LSD, 14 (4)% on the NaHCO3 diet, and 19 (2)% on the NSD]. Similar patterns were observed for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow rate at 25%-75% FVC and peak expiratory flow rate. The NaHCO3 diet lessened the deterioration of post-exercise pulmonary function, but not to the extent of LSD. These data suggest that both sodium and chloride contribute to the worsening of EIA symptoms seen after consuming a normal or high NaCl diet.

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Airflow-induced bronchoconstriction: role of epithelium and eicosanoid mediators

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Dry air- and hypertonic aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction and cellular responses in the canine lung periphery

Dry air- and hypertonic aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction and cellular responses in the canine lung periphery

Air Quality and Temperature Effects on Exercise‐Induced Bronchoconstriction

Dietary chloride as a possible determinant of the severity of exercise-induced asthma

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