“…(Sun, Wandelt, and Zhang 2021;Liu et al 2019;Zhang, Wan, and Yang 2019). However, we can expect that flight demand will be substantially increased as air transport retains a major role in long-term aviation economic (Zhang, Zhang, and Huang 2021). The aviation community is attempting to find different eco-friendly approaches, including emissions trading system (Hamaguchi 2021;Girardet and Spinler 2013), incentive and penalty-based aviation emission regulation and control (Liao et al 2021), alternative fuels (Zhang, Fang, et al 2020;Goding, Andersson-Franko, and Lagerkvist 2018) and efficient aircraft design (Santos and Delina 2021), to reduce the levels of aviation emission.…”