Airport Entry and Exit Screening during the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Sierra Leone, 2014 to 2016

Wickramage, Kolitha

doi:10.1155/2019/3832790

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although fever is a primary symptom in the majority of infectious diseases, many studies have demonstrated that measuring body temperature alone is insufficient in detecting infections. 12 , 13 , 60 – 70 , 75 – 79 As has been suggested previously, in addition to body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate are the two crucial vital signs needed to be monitored. 75 – 79 Additionally, since many infectious diseases, especially coronavirus related infections, cause SARS, monitoring breathing related parameters may enhance sensitivity and specificity of disease screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 17 – 19 Several studies were also included that analyzed the impact of a controlled environment on screening accuracy. 21 , 57 – 59 For literature evaluating the efficiency of IRT screening for the detection of febrile international travelers, seventeen studies were identified: one aimed at detecting SARS in Canada; 60 four studies for Dengue detection in Taiwan; 12 , 13 , 61 , 62 five for Influenza in New Zealand, 63 , 64 Japan, 65 , 66 and Australia; 67 and three for Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the USA, Australia, and the UK, 68 and Sierra Leone; 69 , 70 one for MERS in Indonesia; 71 and three for COVID-19 in multiple countries. 72 – 74 For literature evaluating the detection of infectious diseases with measurements of vital signs, three studies were identified containing the required information for inclusion: two utilizing CMOS camera that was equipped with IRT; 75 , 76 two utilizing Doppler blood-flow meter, 10-GHz microwave radar, and thermography; 77 , 78 and one utilizing radar, finger-tip photoreflector, and thermography.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review of the efficacy of infrared thermography for screening infectious diseases with applications to COVID-19

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Purpose: The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which spread across the globe in a very short period of time, revealed that the transmission control of disease is a crucial step to prevent an outbreak and effective screening for viral infectious diseases is necessary. Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, infrared thermography (IRT) has been considered a gold standard method for screening febrile individuals at the time of pandemics. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of IRT for screening infectious diseases with specific applications to COVID-19. Approach: A literature review was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect to search for studies evaluating IRT screening from 2002 to present using relevant keywords. Additional literature searches were done to evaluate IRT in comparison to traditional core body temperature measurements and assess the benefits of measuring additional vital signs for infectious disease screening. Results: Studies have reported on the unreliability of IRT due to poor sensitivity and specificity in detecting true core body temperature and its inability to identify asymptomatic carriers. Airport mass screening using IRT was conducted during occurrences of SARS, Dengue, Swine Flu, and Ebola with reported sensitivities as low as zero. Other studies reported that screening other vital signs such as heart and respiratory rates can lead to more robust methods for early infection detection. Conclusions: Studies evaluating IRT showed varied results in its efficacy for screening infectious diseases. This suggests the need to assess additional physiological parameters to increase the sensitivity and specificity of non-invasive biosensors.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the efficacy of infrared thermography for screening infectious diseases with applications to COVID-19

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 8 The measurement of fever as a means of identifying infected individuals at ports of entry into countries became more widespread during the 2013–2016 outbreak of the Ebola virus disease in West Africa. 9 , 10 However, for a disease like COVID-19, where most cases may remain asymptomatic, 8 , 11 , 12 screening for infected individuals by temperature measurement alone may not be the most effective approach. This is because all the 1030 travellers who were quarantined in Accra had been initially screened at the airport for fever and were all found to be non-febrile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 detection among international air travellers to Ghana during mandatory quarantine

Adu

Bonney

Odoom

et al. 2021

gmj

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 detection among international travellers to Ghana during mandatory quarantine.Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study.Setting: Air travellers to Ghana on 21st and 22nd March 2020.Participants: On 21st and 22nd March 2020, a total of 1,030 returning international travellers were mandatorily quarantined in 15 different hotels in Accra and tested for SARS-CoV-2. All of these persons were included in the study.Main outcome measure: Positivity for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction.Results: The initial testing at the beginning of quarantine found 79 (7.7%) individuals to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the exit screening after 12 to 13 days of quarantine, it was discovered that 26 of those who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in the initial screening subsequently tested positive.Conclusions: Ghana likely averted an early community spread of COVID-19 through the proactive approach to quarantine international travellers during the early phase of the pandemic.

show abstract

“…Temperature screening at airports was encouraged by West African public health authorities during the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic to control the transmission of the virus. These temperature screenings allowed the prevention of those who might be febrile from travelling, and thus were part of a co-ordinated attempt to limit the transmission of the virus 8,26 . This kind of mass transport, community-based, and even at-home temperature screening has also been integral to global containment efforts during the current COVID-19 pandemic 16,27 .…”

Section: Temperature As a Vital Signmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are all Thermometers Equal? A Study of Three Infrared Thermometers to Detect Fever in an African Outpatient Clinic

Ravi

Vithyananthan

Saidu³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infrared thermometry has certain advantages over traditional oral thermometry including quick, non-invasive administration and an absence of required consumables. This study compared the performance of tympanic, temporal artery and forehead contactless thermometers with traditional oral electronic thermometer in measuring temperature in outpatients in a Nigerian secondary care hospital. A convenience sample of 100 male and 100 female adult patients (Mean age= 38.46 years, SD= 16.33 years) were recruited from a secondary care hospital in Kano, Nigeria. Temperature measurements were taken from each patient using the tympanic, temporal artery and contactless thermometers and oral electronic thermometer. Data was analyzed to assess bias and limits using scatterplots and Bland-Altman charts while sensitivity analysis was done using ROC curves. The tympanic and temporal artery thermometers systematically gave higher temperature readings compared to the oral electronic thermometer. Contactless thermometer gave lower readings compared to the oral electronic thermometer. Temporal artery thermometer had the highest sensitivity (88%) and specificity (88%) among the three infrared thermometers. Contactless thermometer showed a low sensitivity of 13% to detect fever greater than 38°C. Our study shows that replacing oral thermometers with infrared thermometers must be done with caution despite the associated convenience and cost savings.

show abstract

Airport Entry and Exit Screening during the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Sierra Leone, 2014 to 2016

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Review of the efficacy of infrared thermography for screening infectious diseases with applications to COVID-19

Review of the efficacy of infrared thermography for screening infectious diseases with applications to COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 detection among international air travellers to Ghana during mandatory quarantine

Are all Thermometers Equal? A Study of Three Infrared Thermometers to Detect Fever in an African Outpatient Clinic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About