AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2. 5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

Diapouli, Evangelia; Manousakas, M.; Vratolis, Stergios; Vasilatou, Vasiliki; Pateraki, St.; Bairachtari, Kyriaki A.; Querol, Xavier; Amato, Fúlvio; Alastuey, Andrés; Karanasiou, Angeliki; Lucarelli, F.; Nava, S.; Calzolai, Giulia; Gianelle, V.; Colombi, Cristina; Alves, Célia; Custódio, Danilo; Pio, Casimiro; Spyrou, Christos; Kallos, George; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos

doi:10.5194/acp-17-3673-2017

Cited by 73 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The major PM components, such as alkali (Na, K) and hearth metals (Ca, Mg, Ba, Al) can be originated from resuspension of road dust, road abrasion, and soil dust emissions. Trace elements are several transition metals (i.e., Fe Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, Sn, Cd) associated with non-tail pipe traffic emissions, mainly related to brake and tire wear [11,25,39,[41][42][43][44]. Finally, K and Rb can be considered as tracers of the biomass burning [23,26].…”

Section: Association Of Oxidative Potential With Pm Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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This work is an overview of the oxidative potential (OP) values up to date measured in Italy, with the aim to provide a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The summarized works used the common acellular assays-based dithiothreitol (OP DTT ), ascorbic acid (OP AA ), glutathione (OP GSH ), and 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (OP DCFH ) assays. The paper describes the association of OP responses with PM chemical composition, the sensitivity of various acellular OP assays to PM components and emission sources, and PM size distribution of the measured OP values. Our synthesis indicates that crustal and transition metals (e.g., Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn, and V), secondary ions and carbonaceous components (elemental carbon, EC, organic carbon, OC and water soluble carbon, WSOC) show significant correlations with OP across different urban and rural areas and size ranges. These chemical species are mainly associated with various PM sources, including residual/fuel oil combustion, traffic emissions, and secondary organic aerosol formation. Although the OP assays are sensitive to the same redox-active species, they differ in the association with PM chemical components. The DDT assay is mainly sensitive to the organic compounds that are mostly accumulated in the fine PM fraction, i.e., tracers of burning sources, and redox active organics associated with other markers of photochemical aging. In contrast, OP AA and OP GSH were mostly responsive to metals, mainly those related to non-exhaust traffic emissions (Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Sn, Cd, Pb), that are mainly accumulated in the coarse PM. Among the investigated sites, our synthesis shows larger OP values in Trentino region and the Po Valley, that may be explained by the high density of anthropogenic sources, and the orographic and meteorological characteristics, that favor the pollutants accumulation and aerosol photo-oxidative aging. ). The acellular version of the 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (DCFH) assay uses the enzymatic production of the fluorescent probe largely used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in living cells.The present work summarizes the PM oxidative properties up to date measured in Italy using OP acellular assays, with the aim of giving a general insight of PM OP across the Italian territory, that has not been reported yet, in spite of the increasing number of OP measurements carried out in Europe [6,[19][20][21][22]. In addition, the study reviews the association described in previous studies between OP from different assays with several inorganic ad organic components, that effect PM oxidative properties, i.e., metals, ions, and carbonaceous components. The aim is to give a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of different contributions to OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The relevance of such an investigation is based on the large variability in the chemical composition of different PM size fractions in various locations across Italy, as a consequence of the stron...

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Section: Association Of Oxidative Potential With Pm Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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“…Other studies focused on the characterization of PM levels and composition over 4 specific cities or regions, based on intensive experimental campaigns. PM composition and sources have been documented for Lisbon (Almeida et al 2006(Almeida et al , 2009 and Porto (Custódio et al 2016;Diapouli et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal patterns and trends of particulate matter over Portugal: a long-term analysis of background concentrations

Gama

Monteiro

Pio

et al. 2018

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Tchepel, O., 2018. Temporal patterns and trends of particulate matter over Portugal: a long-term analysis of background concentrations. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health 11,[397][398][399][400][401][402][403][404][405][406][407] The final publication is available on http://dx. AbstractAir quality management regarding PM concentrations in the atmosphere is a complex problem to tackle. In this paper, we aim to characterize the temporal patterns and trends of aerosol background levels over Portugal. Hourly data from the national air quality monitoring network, gathered from 2007 to 2016, is analysed using statistical methods. Data from 20 monitoring stations was processed to prepare datasets with different time scales, and results were grouped by their type of surrounding area (urban, suburban or rural). Urban and suburban background sites are characterized by strong seasonal patterns, with higher monthly mean concentrations in winter than in summer. In contrast, rural background PM10 concentrations are highest during August and September. This study suggests that urban background concentrations are significantly influenced by anthropogenic non-combustion sources, which contribute to the coarser aerosol fraction (PMc).PMc is about 3 µg m -3 higher during week-days than during Sundays, at urban sites. However, there is no clear relationship between the value of the PM2.5/PMc ratio and the type of monitoring station. During the 10-year period of study, a decrease of 1.83%/year, 3.58%/year and 4.89%/year was registered in PM10 concentrations at Portuguese rural, urban and suburban areas, respectively.Despite the higher decrease at suburban monitoring stations, those sites present the highest 10year mean PM10 concentrations. This work provides an import insight on temporal variations of PM10, PM2.5 and PMc concentrations over Portugal and summarizes trends through the last decade, contributing to the discussion on sources and processes influencing those concentrations.

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“…The contribution of this source is much higher during the warm season of the year (Figure ). Dust resuspension processes are favored in arid conditions …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

XRF characterization and source apportionment of PM10 samples collected in a coastal city

et al. 2017

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In the current study, a yearlong measurement campaign was conducted during the year 2012 in a medium sized coastal Greek city, Patras. PM10 samples were collected once every 3 days, and a number of those samples were analyzed by the use of a commercial X‐ray fluorescence system, Epsilon 5 by PANalytical, The Netherlands. PMF model was used for source identification. Because the uncertainty of the measurements is used as input in the model, special emphasis was given in its accurate estimation. Seven PM10 emission sources were identified using PMF 5.0 and were, namely, mineral dust (15%), road dust (4.6%), shipping emissions (3.8%), sea salt (11.9%), biomass burning (6.9%), traffic (46.2%), and sulfates (11.6%). The concentration weighted approach was used to investigate if the contributions of the sources identified in the area are affected by long range transportation events. A methodology of estimating the uncertainty of the day to day source contributions is proposed in this study. A comparison between the 24‐hr contribution for the mineral dust factor provided by the model and the calculated contributions for the same factor deduced from appropriate equations (chemical reconstruction) can be used for this purpose. The analysis showed that when the concentrations of the elements associated with the mineral dust source are close to their lowest value, the model assigns zero contribution to the mineral dust source. Following this methodology in the current study, 6 points were identified as bad fitting points, a number that represents less than 10% of the total measurements.

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AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

Cited by 73 publications

References 41 publications

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Temporal patterns and trends of particulate matter over Portugal: a long-term analysis of background concentrations

XRF characterization and source apportionment of PM10 samples collected in a coastal city

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