Airway Growth and Development: A Computerized 3-Dimensional Analysis

Schendel, Stephen A.; Jacobson, R.; Khalessi, Sadri

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2011.10.013

Cited by 150 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…A CBCT evaluation by Schendel et al 24 showed that as the airway grows, the total volume, length, area, and volume-to-length index all increase until age 20, then remain relatively stable until age 50, when they begin to decrease profoundly. They found that 45-year-olds had only slightly larger airways than did 15-year-olds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of vertical skeletofacial morphology to oropharyngeal airway shape using cone beam computed tomography: Possible implications for airway restriction

Haskell¹,

Haskell

Spoon

et al. 2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To determine if the shape of the oropharyngeal airway is related to the vertical morphology of the skeletofacial complex, including the hyoid bone. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography scans from 50 pretreatment adult orthodontic records were used to obtain skeletal and airway measurements. Linear regression statistics were used to compare soft tissue variables to hard tissue predictor variables. Results: Transverse airway widening was significantly increased when the distance between the hyoid and vertebrae was reduced; when the three-dimensional (3D) facial axis angle decreased (became more vertical); when the 3D mandibular plane angle increased; when the width of the hyoid increased, or when the calculated length of the geniohyoid decreased. Conclusions: A laterally elliptical airway-found when the face is more vertical and when the hyoid is closer to the cervical vertebrae-is hypothetically more resistant to collapse. Patients with a retrognathic, skeletal deep bite and a rounded oropharynx should be identified and corrected early to prevent potential airway problems. (Angle Orthod. 2014;84:548-554.)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of vertical skeletofacial morphology to oropharyngeal airway shape using cone beam computed tomography: Possible implications for airway restriction

Haskell¹,

Haskell

Spoon

et al. 2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…When analyzing the average values of nasopharyngeal minimum cross-sectional area of studies using computed tomography in normal individuals, it is observed that the average values determined by imaging are superior to those obtained by rhinomanometry in this study (26)(27)(28) . A study (28) (26) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…By means of this technique, subsequent studies have shown a proportional increase of the nasopharyngeal space along the craniofacial growth and determined the normative values for different age groups, from the age of 6 years (26) . According to the study that analyzed 1300 CT scans of healthy individuals aged 6 to 60 years, (27) . (p. 2182).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensões nasofaríngeas em indivíduos sem anomalias craniofaciais: dados normativos

Araújo

Silva

Araújo

et al. 2016

CoDAS

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RESUMO Objetivo Determinar os valores controles da área de secção transversa mínima nasofaríngea de indivíduos sem anomalias craniofaciais e em diferentes faixas etárias. Material e Método Participaram do estudo 96 indivíduos sem anomalias craniofaciais, de ambos os sexos, com índice de massa corpórea e circunferência cervical normais, subdivididos em 4 grupos etários: crianças com idade entre 6 e 10 anos (G1), adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos (G2), adultos jovens entre 18 e 39 anos (G3) e adultos de meia-idade entre 40 e 59 anos (G4). A área seccional transversa mínima nasofaríngea (área nasofaríngea – ANF) foi determinada por meio de rinomanometria anterior modificada (técnica fluxo-pressão), utilizando o sistema PERCI-SARS (versão 3.50 – Microtronics Corp.). Resultados Os valores médios±DP da ANF foram de 1,025±0,054cm2, 1,055±0,081cm2, 1,050±0,083cm2 e 1,054±0,081cm2, respectivamente, para G1, G2, G3 e G4, não havendo diferença entre as 4 faixas etárias. Conclusão Os valores controles da ANF foram determinados para indivíduos sem anomalias craniofaciais de diferentes faixas etárias e servirão de referência na rotina clínica e em estudos envolvendo diagnóstico de obstrução nasofaríngea, principalmente na presença de anomalias craniofaciais.

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“…This topic has been explored by some researchers in the past few decades. It is well known that the characteristic features of the increase in lower facial height and open bite are consistent with those attributed to nasal obstruction (27)(28)(29). A study performed in teenagers using respirometric techniques to compare the breathing behavior of normal and long-faced patients demonstrated that the long-faced subjects had significantly smaller components of nasal respiration (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Genetic Polymorphism in MMP9 May Be Associated With Anterior Open Bite in Children

et al. 2017

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Anterior open bite (AOB) has a multifactorial etiology caused by the interaction of sucking habits and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between AOB and polymorphisms in genes that encode Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Four hundred and seventy-two children that presented at least one sucking habit were evaluated. Children were examined clinically for the presence of AOB. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 was carried out by real-time PCR using the TaqMan method. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups with and without AOB using the PLINK® software in a free and in a recessive model using a chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was implemented (p≤0.05). Two hundred nineteen children had AOB while 253 did not. The polymorphism rs17576 in MMP9 was significantly associated with AOB (p=0.009). In a recessive model GG genotype was a protective factor for AOB (p=0.014; OR 4.6, 95%CI 1.3-16.2). In the logistic regression analysis, none of the genes was associated with AOB. In conclusion, the polymorphism rs17576 (glutamine for arginine substitution) in MMP9 was a protective factor for AOB.

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Airway Growth and Development: A Computerized 3-Dimensional Analysis

Cited by 150 publications

References 23 publications

The relationship of vertical skeletofacial morphology to oropharyngeal airway shape using cone beam computed tomography: Possible implications for airway restriction

The relationship of vertical skeletofacial morphology to oropharyngeal airway shape using cone beam computed tomography: Possible implications for airway restriction

Dimensões nasofaríngeas em indivíduos sem anomalias craniofaciais: dados normativos

Genetic Polymorphism in MMP9 May Be Associated With Anterior Open Bite in Children

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