Airway mechanoreceptor deactivation

Proctor, Mary; Li, Hua Feng; Punnakkattu, Rajeesh; Lin, Shuxin; Yu, Jerry

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01286.2006

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The majority (75%) of the deactivated SARs were low-threshold SARs. This is consistent with previous reports that SARs with a high discharge frequency are more susceptible to deactivation [13,15]. Since low-threshold SARs fire continuously throughout the respiratory phase [1], they are more metabolically active.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We believe that stretch of the airway will activate the SAR and increase its metabolism. In our previous studies, we found the more active the SARs, the easier they were to deactivate [13]. Furthermore, lung inflation-induced SAR deactivation was more closely associated with receptor activity than the airway pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Deactivation of SARs has been reported following lung hyperinflation under a constant pressure in rabbits [13], cats [14] and opossums [15]. Deactivation also occurs after injecting ouabain, an inhibitor of Na + /K + -ATPase, into a vein [16] or directly into the receptive field [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study demonstrates that SARs can be deactivated under high cyclic airway pressure (induced by PEEP). It is possible that deactivation is due to a deficiency of Na + /K + -ATPase from metabolic stresses or depletion [13]. The majority (75%) of the deactivated SARs were low-threshold SARs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, lung inflation-induced SAR deactivation was more closely associated with receptor activity than the airway pressure. Priming the airway with a lower level of constant pressure (like PEEP application) keeps the SAR active and promotes its deactivation [13]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airway Mechanosensor Behavior during Application of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure

Moffett

Punnakkattu

et al. 2014

Respiration

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Background: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is commonly used in clinical settings. It is expected to affect the input from slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs), leading to altered cardiopulmonary functions. However, we know little about how SARs behave during PEEP application. Objectives: Our study aimed to characterize the behavior of SARs during PEEP application. Methods: We recorded single-unit activities from 18 SARs in the cervical vagus nerve and examined their response to an increase of PEEP from 3 to 10 cm H₂O for 20 min in anesthetized, open-chest and mechanically ventilated rabbits. Results: The mean activity of the units increased immediately from 35.7 to 80.5 impulses per second at the fifth breath after increasing PEEP (n = 14, p < 0.001) and then gradually returned to 56.5 impulses per second at the end of 20 min of PEEP application (p < 0.001). In the meantime, peak airway pressure increased from 9.3 to 32.7 cm H₂O, and then gradually returned to 29.4 cm H₂O (n = 18; p < 0.05) after 20 min. The remaining four units ceased firing at 34.7 s (range 10-56 s) after their initial increased activity upon 10 cm H₂O PEEP application. The unit activity resumed as the PEEP was returned to 3 cm H₂O. Conclusions: High PEEP stimulates SARs and SAR activity gradually returns towards the baseline via multiple mechanisms including receptor deactivation, neural habituation and mechanical adaptation. Understanding of the sensory inputs during PEEP application will assist in developing better strategies of mechanical ventilation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airway Mechanosensor Behavior during Application of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure

Moffett

Punnakkattu

et al. 2014

Respiration

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Sensory Nerves in Lung and Airways

Lee

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

115

157

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Sensory nerves innervating the lung and airways play an important role in regulating various cardiopulmonary functions and maintaining homeostasis under both healthy and disease conditions. Their activities conducted by both vagal and sympathetic afferents are also responsible for eliciting important defense reflexes that protect the lung and body from potential health-hazardous effects of airborne particulates and chemical irritants. This article reviews the morphology, transduction properties, reflex functions, and respiratory sensations of these receptors, focusing primarily on recent findings derived from using new technologies such as neural immunochemistry, isolated airway-nerve preparation, cultured airway neurons, patch-clamp electrophysiology, transgenic mice, and other cellular and molecular approaches. Studies of the signal transduction of mechanosensitive afferents have revealed a new concept of sensory unit and cellular mechanism of activation, and identified additional types of sensory receptors in the lung. Chemosensitive properties of these lung afferents are further characterized by the expression of specific ligand-gated ion channels on nerve terminals, ganglion origin, and responses to the action of various inflammatory cells, mediators, and cytokines during acute and chronic airway inflammation and injuries. Increasing interest and extensive investigations have been focused on uncovering the mechanisms underlying hypersensitivity of these airway afferents, and their role in the manifestation of various symptoms under pathophysiological conditions. Several important and challenging questions regarding these sensory nerves are discussed. Searching for these answers will be a critical step in developing the translational research and effective treatments of airway diseases.

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Sensory Nerves and Airway Irritability

Canning¹,

Spina

2009

Sensory Nerves

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The lung, like many other organs, is innervated by a variety of sensory nerves and by nerves of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems that regulate the function of cells within the respiratory tract. Activation of sensory nerves by both mechanical and chemical stimuli elicits a number of defensive reflexes, including cough, altered breathing pattern, and altered autonomic drive, which are important for normal lung homeostasis. However, diseases that afflict the lung are associated with altered reflexes, resulting in a variety of symptoms, including increased cough, dyspnea, airways obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the physiological role of different sensory nerve subtypes that innervate the lung, the factors which lead to their activation, and pharmacological approaches that have been used to interrogate the function of these nerves. This information may potentially facilitate the identification of novel drug targets for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as cough, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Airway mechanoreceptor deactivation

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Airway Mechanosensor Behavior during Application of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure

Airway Mechanosensor Behavior during Application of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure

Sensory Nerves in Lung and Airways

Sensory Nerves and Airway Irritability

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