Airway Mucosal Inflammation

Dolovich, J.; Hargreave, Frederick E.

doi:10.3109/02770909209099022

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We found that in contrast to normal subjects neither exhaled LTB 4 nor exhaled NO levels increase after sputum induction in asthmatic patients. Infl ammation of the airway mucosa is a cardinal feature of clinical asthma [20] . This is supported in the present study by increased levels of exhaled NO in asthmatic patients compared with normal subjects, as previously reported [21] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Response to Sputum Induction Measured by Exhaled Markers

et al. 2005

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Background: Sputum induction is increasingly used to study both cellular and biochemical composition of the airways. However, there is a significant rise in the percentage of neutrophils at 8 h after inhalation with hypertonic saline. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether markers of inflammation in exhaled air and exhaled air condensate change after sputum induction in normal and asthmatic subjects. Methods: We measured leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) and a marker of oxidative stress, 8-isoprostane, (by enzyme immunoassay) in exhaled air condensate and exhaled nitric oxide (NO; by chemiluminescence analyzer) in 15 healthy subjects (8 females, mean age 35 ± 4 years, FEV₁ 97.4% predicted) and in 8 mild asthmatic subjects (5 males, mean age 34 ± 2 years, FEV₁ 70.5% predicted). Results: LTB₄ was significantly higher compared with baseline at 6 h butdid not remain increased at 24 h after sputum induction (134.3 ± 30.15 and 75.4 ± 14.32 vs. 64.6 ± 11.6 pg/ml at baseline; p < 0.02 and p > 0.05, respectively) in healthy subjects. An inverse correlation between LTB₄ and exhaled NO at 6 h after sputum induction was observed in healthy subjects (r = –0.66, p < 0.03). No increase in LTB₄ levels was observed in asthmatic patients. Baseline 8-isoprostane levels were higher in asthmatic patients than in healthy subjects (47.3 ± 37.1 vs. 17.5 ± 8.8 pg/ml; p < 0.01). A trend towards increased levels of 8-isoprostane could be observed at 6 and 24 h after inhalation in healthy subjects (26.2 ± 3.7 and 26.7 ± 3.9 pg/ml; p = 0.09 and p = 0.07, respectively). In healthy subjects, exhaled NO was significantly higher compared with baseline at 6 h and remained increased 24 h after sputum induction (7.96 ± 3.5 vs. 5.61 ± 1.86 ppb; p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Exhaled NO levels were increased in asthmatic patients but did not further increase after sputum induction. Conclusions: Sputum induction with hypertonic saline causes an inflammatory response which should be considered when using the technique to monitor airway inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Response to Sputum Induction Measured by Exhaled Markers

et al. 2005

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“…Typically not much more than 20% of the dose will be delivered to the conducting and respiratory airways, with these particles depositing throughout the airways . Deposition in the peripheral airways tends to occur for particles below about 5 microns . Particles depositing in the upper airways, or tracheal and bronchial regions, are usually cleared from these regions via mucociliary clearance over the course of several hours. , Much of the dose, especially the larger particles, will deposit in the mouth and throat and will be swallowed.…”

Section: Role Of Particles In Orally Inhaled Drug Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of Particle Science and Regulation in Pharmaceutical Inhalation Drug Products

Nagao¹,

Lyapustina²,

Munos³

et al. 2005

Crystal Growth & Design

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Pharmaceutical orally inhaled drug products such as metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are used by millions of individuals worldwide to treat symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (e.g., chronic bronchitis, emphysema). Other applications of these products are being developed including inhalation delivery of insulin and medication to treat pain and the symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Analysis and control of particulate matter are important aspects of the development of these drug products. This includes the development and control of particles of drugs delivered to the patient and the characterization and control of foreign particles that may contaminate the final product. The chemistry and manufacture of these products historically have been strictly regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with many challenging regulatory requirements applied to analysis and control of particles. This paper provides an overview of some of the main areas of particle analysis in inhalation drug products and the current regulatory challenges pertinent to these areas.

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Secretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Induced by Allergen Inhalation in Patients with Atopic Asthma

et al. 2000

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Allergen inhalation in atopic patients results in cytokines production or release of preformed cytokines, some of which are known to induce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in experimental conditions. We examined whether allergen inhalation can induce ACTH secretion in vivo. A significant elevation of ACTH levels was observed in 2 and 24 hr after allergen inhalation challenge. However, methacholine challenge with the same degree of airflow limitation did not induce ACTH elevation, indicating that this may not be due to bronchoconstriction per se. Our results indicate that allergen inhalation can trigger ACTH secretion in patients with atopic asthma.

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Airway Mucosal Inflammation

Abstract: Eosinophils and lymphocytes in tuberculin and allergen-induced skin reactions in atopic and non-atopic subjects. J

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Inflammatory Response to Sputum Induction Measured by Exhaled Markers

Inflammatory Response to Sputum Induction Measured by Exhaled Markers

Aspects of Particle Science and Regulation in Pharmaceutical Inhalation Drug Products

Secretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Induced by Allergen Inhalation in Patients with Atopic Asthma

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