Airway obstruction by a child's pacifier - could flange design be safer?

Simkiss, Douglas E.; Sheppard, Ian; Pal, B. R.

doi:10.1007/s004310050806

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Some previous case reports have focused on fatalities from airway obstruction by pacifiers or parts 7,10,11,21 ; we observed no such cases.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Although there have been a handful of studies (primarily case reports), several of which report deaths, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]20 there have been no published studies using a nationally representative sample to describe these injuries, despite the fact that most young children use all of these products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report national estimates, rates, and trends of these injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Previous case reports have generally focused on rare instances of airway obstruction by nipples, pacifier parts, or whole pacifiers or burns from bottle warming. [7][8][9][10][11] Injuries such as lacerations and soft tissue injuries have not been commonly reported although they may affect more children. 12,13 Product design improvements have been made to address safety concerns, including adding air holes and increasing pacifier size to prevent choking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injuries Associated With Bottles, Pacifiers, and Sippy Cups in the United States, 1991–2010

et al. 2012

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Previous research on injuries related to bottle, pacifier, and sippy cup use has largely focused on case reports of infant injuries or fatalities attributed to pacifiers or pacifier parts causing asphyxiation or to bottle warming causing burns. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample to investigate the range of injuries requiring emergency department visits associated with bottles, pacifiers, and sippy cups among children aged ,3 years. abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of injuries related to bottles, pacifiers, and sippy cups among young children in the United States. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted by using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children ,3 years of age treated in emergency departments (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) for an injury associated with a bottle, pacifier, or sippy cup.RESULTS: An estimated 45 398 (95% confidence interval: 38 770-52 026) children aged ,3 years were treated in emergency departments for injuries related to these products during the study period, an average of 2270 cases per year. Most injuries involved bottles (65.8%), followed by pacifiers (19.9%) and sippy cups (14.3%). The most common mechanism was a fall while using the product (86.1% of injuries). Lacerations comprised the most common diagnosis (70.4%), and the most frequently injured body region was the mouth (71.0%). One-yearold children were injured most often. Children who were aged 1 or 2 years were nearly 2.99 times (95% confidence interval: 2.07-4.33) more likely to sustain a laceration compared with any other diagnosis. Product malfunctions were relatively uncommon (4.4% of cases).CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample to examine injuries associated with these products. Given the number of injuries, particularly those associated with falls while using the product, greater efforts are needed to promote proper usage, ensure safety in product design, and increase awareness of American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendations for transitioning to a cup and discontinuing pacifier use.

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“…Some previous case reports have focused on fatalities from airway obstruction by pacifiers or parts 7,10,11,21 ; we observed no such cases.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%