Airway Physiology and Clinical Function Testing

Hoffman, Andrew M.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.05.013

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Bronchoconstriction increases resistance to airflow and will therefore reduce flow in an inversely proportional manner 11. Often this is clinically seen as prolonged inspiratory or expiratory phases, depending on the exact nature of resistance 11.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe bronchoconstriction as part of a suspected anaphylactic reaction in a dog following administration of gadobutrol

Tucker

MacFarlane²

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A four-year-and-three-month-old Jack Russell terrier presented for investigation of acute-onset paraplegia, with an MRI performed under general anaesthesia. Following administration of a gadobutrol contrast medium, apnoea, cyanosis, resistance to ventilation, hypotension and tachycardia were observed. An anaphylactic reaction was suspected, characterised by severe bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular collapse. This was treated with multiple isotonic crystalloid fluid boluses, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, terbutaline and cessation of general anaesthesia. Following recovery from general anaesthesia, continuous positive airway pressure and later high-flow nasal oxygen therapy were needed to treat severe hypoxaemia. Treatment of the acute anaphylactic reaction was successful; however, the dog was euthanased due to progressive neurological disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe bronchoconstriction as part of a suspected anaphylactic reaction in a dog following administration of gadobutrol

Tucker

MacFarlane²

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Pulmonary function tests are used in human medicine, but their application in veterinary medicine can be challenging (Hoffman, 2007;Balakrishnan and King, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spirometry or pneumotachography are used clinically in dogs and cats to obtain flow-volume and/or volume-pressure loops, which provides information about airflow rates, volumes over time, and inspiratory and expiratory peak pressures and times (Amis and Kurpershoek, 1986;Hoffman, 2007). This technique can also be used to identify tracheal collapse in dogs (Pardali et al, 2010), but is relatively insensitive to upper airway resistance to air flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of computational fluid dynamics to compare upper airway pressures and airflow resistance in brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic dogs

Fernández-Parra

Pey

Zilberstein

et al. 2019

The Veterinary Journal

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Brachycephalic dog breeds are prone to breathing difficulties because of their upper airway anatomy. Several surgical techniques exist to correct anatomical pathologies and common surgical approaches aim to correct functional abnormalities in the nares and/or the soft palate. However, further research is needed to improve clinical outcomes. This study evaluated air pressure and airflow resistance in the upper airways and trachea in nine sedated, sternally recumbent dogs of different skull types (dolichocephalic, n=3; mesocephalic, n=3; brachycephalic, n=3). CT images were acquired from the nostrils to the caudal border of the lungs and geometrical reconstruction of the upper airway and trachea was performed. Analysis of computational fluid dynamics was performed using inspiratory flow adapted to bodyweight for each dog. Flow (L/min) and pressure (cmH2O) were computed for the entire upper airway and trachea. Resistance (cmH2O/L/min) was calculated using pressure 40 differences between the nose, larynx, and trachea. In this pilot study, statistical comparisons 41 were not performed. 42 43 Pressure maps, airflow, and resistance were similar in dolichocephalic and 44 mesocephalic breeds. Median pressure difference (3.76 cmH2O) and resistance (0.154 45 cmH2O/L/min) between the nose and larynx were numerically higher in brachycephalic dogs 46 than in other breeds (0.45 cmH2O and 0.016 cmH2O/L/min, respectively). Median pressure 47

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“…1 The 6MWT is used in human medicine as a predictor of morbidity and death from heart or lung disease as well as a method of assessing an objective response to therapeutic interventions. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The 6MWT has also been used in children, and a recent study validated normal ranges in children 4-11 years of age. 9 To date, there has been only 1 published work by the 6MWT in veterinary medicine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the 6‐Minute Walk Test in Pet Dogs

Swimmer

Rozanski

2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is widely used in human medicine to objectively assess the degree of impairment, and to provide objective evidence of disease progression or response to therapy.Hypothesis/Objectives: The 6MWT will be easy to perform and well-tolerated in pet dogs. Dogs with pulmonary disease will walk shorter distances than healthy dogs.Animals: Sixty-nine healthy dogs were recruited from the hospital community. Six dogs with mild to moderate pulmonary disease were recruited from animals presented for evaluation at the teaching hospital.Methods: Prospective study. Dogs walked for 6 minutes in a hallway and the distance covered was measured. Pulse oximetry and heart rate were recorded before and after walking. Physical characteristics of the dogs, including age, leg length, body condition score, and weight, were recorded. Healthy dogs were compared with affected dogs by a Student's t-test (P o .05). Correlations were calculated between the age, physical characteristics, and distances walked in the healthy dogs.Results: Healthy dogs walked 522.7 AE 52.4 m, while sick dogs (n 5 6) walked 384.8 AE 41.0 m (P o .001). There was low (r 5 0.13) to moderate (r 5 0.27) correlation in the healthy dogs between physical characteristics and distances walked.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The 6MWT was easy to perform and discriminated between healthy dogs and dogs with pulmonary disease.

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Airway Physiology and Clinical Function Testing

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Severe bronchoconstriction as part of a suspected anaphylactic reaction in a dog following administration of gadobutrol

Severe bronchoconstriction as part of a suspected anaphylactic reaction in a dog following administration of gadobutrol

Use of computational fluid dynamics to compare upper airway pressures and airflow resistance in brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic dogs

Evaluation of the 6‐Minute Walk Test in Pet Dogs

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