Akari Observation of the Fluctuation of the Near-Infrared Background

Matsumoto, Toshio; Seo, Hyunjong; Jeong, Woong Seob; Lee, H.M.; Matsuura, Shuji; Matsuhara, Hideo; Oyabu, Shinki; Pyo, Jeonghyun; Wada, Takehiko

doi:10.5303/pkas.2012.27.4.363

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In addition, DIRBE (41), AKARI (17), and CIBER (40) have all measured the near-to mid-infrared electromagnetic spectrum of the ZL which allows us to extrapolate the mid-infrared ZL fluctuation measurements to the near-infrared. Though extrapolating over such a large wavelength interval is not ideal, the decorrelation between fluctuations measured at near-and mid-infrared wavelengths has been estimated as being at most a few percent (11). These upper limits are shown in Figure S24, which are far below the detected fluctuation power.…”

Section: Zodiacal Lightmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The Hubble Space Telescope was used at shorter wavelengths (10) to carry out a fluctuation study in a small deep field but did not report fluctuations in excess of known galaxy populations. Measurements with the AKARIsatellite (11) show excess fluctuations with a blue spectrum rapidly rising from 4.1μm to 2.4μm. Fluctuation measurements in a large survey field (6) with Spitzer agreed with earlier measurements (7)(8)(9), but were instead interpreted as arising from tidally stripped stars at z ∼ 1 to 3.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The correlation coefficients for 1.1 × 1.6 μm, 1.1 × 3.6 μm, and 1.6 × 3.6 μm are 0.76 ± 0.10, 0.55 ± 0.14 and 0.31 ± 0.14, respectively, with no statistically significant angular dependence in the correlations (see Section 6.2 of the Supplementary Materials for a description of this calculation). Also indicated are previous measurements from AKARI (11) and Spitzer (6, 7) at = 3000 which use deeper masking thresholds. In all cases we subtract the contribution from the shot noise of unmasked galaxies (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the origin of near-infrared extragalactic background light anisotropy

Zemcov

Smidt

Arai

et al. 2014

Science

130

253

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Extragalactic background light (EBL) anisotropy traces variations in the total production of photons over cosmic history, and may contain faint, extended components missed in galaxy point source surveys. Infrared EBL fluctuations have been attributed to primordial galaxies and black holes at the epoch of reionization (EOR), or alternately, intra-halo light (IHL) from stars tidally stripped from their parent galaxies at low redshift. We report new EBL anisotropy measurements from a specialized sounding rocket experiment at 1.1 and 1.6 micrometers. The observed fluctuations exceed the amplitude from known galaxy populations, are inconsistent with EOR galaxies and black holes, and are largely explained by IHL emission. The measured fluctuations are associated with an EBL intensity that is comparable to the background from known galaxies measured through number counts, and therefore a substantial contribution to the energy contained in photons in the cosmos.At near-infrared wavelengths, where the large zodiacal light foreground complicates absolute photometry measurements, the extragalactic background light (EBL) may be best accessed by anisotropy measurements. On large angular scales, fluctuations are produced by the clustering of galaxies, which is driven by the underlying distribution of dark matter. EBL anisotropy measurements can probe emission from epoch of reionization (EOR) galaxies (1-3) and directcollapse black holes (4) that formed during the EOR before the universe was fully ionized by exploiting the distinctive Lyman cutoff feature in the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), thus probing the UV luminosity density at high redshifts (5). However, large-scale fluctuations may also arise from the intrahalo light (IHL) created by stars stripped from their parent galaxies during tidal interactions (6) at redshift z < 3. A multi-wavelength fluctuation analysis can distinguish among these scenarios and constrain the EOR star formation rate.A search for such background components must carefully account for fluctuations produced 2 by known galaxy populations. Linear galaxy clustering is an important contribution to fluctuations on scales much larger than galaxies themselves. On fine scales, the variation in the number of galaxies produces predominantly Poissonian fluctuations, with an amplitude that depends on the luminosity distribution. Anisotropy measurements suppress foreground galaxy fluctuations by masking known galaxies from an external catalog.The first detections of infrared fluctuations in excess of the contribution from known galaxies with the Spitzer Space Telescope (7-9) were interpreted as arising from a population of faint first-light galaxies at z > 7. The Hubble Space Telescope was used at shorter wavelengths (10) to carry out a fluctuation study in a small deep field but did not report fluctuations in excess of known galaxy populations. Measurements with the AKARIsatellite (11) show excess fluctuations with a blue spectrum rapidly rising from 4.1μm to 2.4μm. Fluctuation measurements in a large survey fi...

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Section: Zodiacal Lightmentioning

confidence: 95%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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On the origin of near-infrared extragalactic background light anisotropy

Zemcov

Smidt

Arai

et al. 2014

Science

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253

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“…The expected depth of CIBER-2 fluctuation measurements, comparing with the previous measurements of CIBER-1, 5 AKARI, 13 and Spitzer, 14,15 are shown in Figure 1. CIBER-2 will determine the origin and history of EBL fluctuations by carrying out multi-wavelength imaging in 6 spectral bands ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 µm.…”

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confidence: 99%

The cosmic infrared background experiment-2 (CIBER-2) for studying the near-infrared extragalactic background light

et al. 2016

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We present the current status of the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment-2 (CIBER-2) project, whose goal is to make a rocket-borne measurement of the near-infrared Extragalactic Background Light (EBL), under a collaboration with U.S.A., Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The EBL is the integrated light of all extragalactic sources of emission back to the early Universe. At near-infrared wavelengths, measurement of the EBL is a promising way to detect the diffuse light from the first collapsed structures at redshift z∼10, which are impossible to detect as individual sources. However, recently, the intra-halo light (IHL) model is advocated as the main contribution to the EBL, and our new result of the EBL fluctuation from CIBER-1 experiment is also supporting this model. In this model, EBL is contributed by accumulated light from stars in the dark halo regions of lowredshift (z<2) galaxies, those were tidally stripped by the interaction of satellite dwarf galaxies. Thus, in order to understand the origin of the EBL, both the spatial fluctuation observations with multiple wavelength bands and the absolute spectroscopic observations for the EBL are highly required. After the successful initial CIBER-1 experiment, we are now developing a new instrument CIBER-2, which is comprised of a 28.5-cm aluminum telescope and three broad-band, wide-field imaging cameras. The three wide-field (2.3×2.3 degrees) imaging cameras use the 2K×2K HgCdTe HAWAII-2RG arrays, and cover the optical and near-infrared wavelength range of 0.5-0.9 µm, 1.0-1.4 µm and 1.5-2.0 µm, respectively. Combining a large area telescope with the high sensitivity detectors, CIBER-2 will be able to measure the spatial fluctuations in the EBL at much fainter levels than those detected in previous CIBER-1 experiment. Additionally, we will use a linear variable filter installed just above the detectors so that a measurement of the absolute spectrum of the EBL is also possible. In this paper, the scientific motivation and the expected performance for CIBER-2 will be presented. The detailed designs of the telescope and imaging cameras will also be discussed, including the designs of the mechanical, cryogenic, and electrical systems.

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“…In particular, observations of the near-infrared background are believed to be very important for investigating the formation and evolution of the first stars of the universe, because the first stars may be massive and bright compared to subsequent generation of stars, and may leave their traces in brightness or fluctuation of brightness in the near-infrared wavelength bands. In this study, as a follow up study of our previous work on the Monitor field of AKARI (Matsumoto et al 2011), we investigate fluctuations of the sky brightness in the near-infrared bands using the north ecliptic pole (NEP) http://pkas.kas.org lar area of 0.4 square degrees (Matsuhara et al 2006). We used the NEP deep survey data at two wavelength bands, 2.4 and 3.2 µm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Akari Observations of the Fluctuations of the Near-Infrared Background Ii

Seo¹,

Lee²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2017

Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society

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We report a spatial fluctuation analysis of the sky brightness in the near-infrared from observations towards the north ecliptic pole (NEP) by AKARI at 2.4 and 3.2 µm. As a follow up study of our previous work on the Monitor field of AKARI, we used NEP deep survey data, which covered a circular area of about 0.4 square degrees, in order to extend fluctuation analysis at angular scales up to 1000 . After pre-processing, additional correction procedures were done to correct time varying components and instrumental effects such as MUXbleed. To remove resolved objects, we applied 2σ clipping and point spread function (PSF) subtraction. We finally obtained mosaicked images which can be used for the study of various diffuse emissions in the near-infrared sky and found that there are spatial structures in the mosaicked images using a power spectrum analysis.

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Akari Observation of the Fluctuation of the Near-Infrared Background

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

On the origin of near-infrared extragalactic background light anisotropy

On the origin of near-infrared extragalactic background light anisotropy

The cosmic infrared background experiment-2 (CIBER-2) for studying the near-infrared extragalactic background light

Akari Observations of the Fluctuations of the Near-Infrared Background Ii

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