Aktivierung von Proteinbiosynthesen in auswachsenden Sporen von <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Wachlin, Gerhild; Hecker, Michael

doi:10.1002/jobm.19820220709

J of Basic Microbiology

1982

DOI: 10.1002/jobm.19820220709

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Aktivierung von Proteinbiosynthesen in auswachsenden Sporen von Bacillus subtilis

Gerhild Wachlin

Michael Hecker

Abstract: The programme of protein synthesis as an indicator for the control of gene expression was examined during outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis spores. At various stages of outgrowth cells of Bacillus subtilis were labelled with %'-~-methionine. Extracted proteins were separated on two-dimensional gels according t o O'FARRELL (1975). Three groups of proteins were synthesized during outgrowth: 1 . During all stages of outgrowth a great number of ,,vegetative genes" is expressed. The programme of protein synthesis of t… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications

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“…Chromosomal replication is initiated after approximately 30 min (16). Studies on protein synthesis during outgrowth have revealed distinct patterns of expression, which perhaps suggest the existence of an ordered process for outgrowth of the germinated spore (21,23,28,70). To date the regulatory process that underlies the ordered protein expression during outgrowth has remained obscure.…”

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Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression duringBacillus subtilisSpore Germination and Outgrowth

et al. 2007

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Bacillus subtilis forms dormant spores upon nutrient depletion. Under favorable environmental conditions, the spore breaks its dormancy and resumes growth in a process called spore germination and outgrowth. To elucidate the physiological processes that occur during the transition of the dormant spore to an actively growing vegetative cell, we studied this process in a time-dependent manner by a combination of microscopy, analysis of extracellular metabolites, and a genome-wide analysis of transcription. The results indicate the presence of abundant levels of late sporulation transcripts in dormant spores. In addition, the results suggest the existence of a complex and well-regulated spore outgrowth program, involving the temporal expression of at least 30% of the B. subtilis genome.A number of bacterial species such as bacilli and clostridia have the ability to form dormant spores. The spore has a specialized and complex structure, enabling the organism to survive for a long time under harsh environmental conditions and in the absence of nutrients. When triggered by specific nutrients, the spore is capable of breaking dormancy (germination) and initiating vegetative growth (34, 52). The Bacillus subtilis spore is composed of a dehydrated central compartment (the spore core) engulfed by two protective outer layers: a thick spore-specific peptidoglycan layer known as the spore cortex and a multilayered protein structure known as the coat (12).The process of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis has been studied in great detail. Studies have revealed a highly ordered and strictly regulated program ensuring the correct coordination of various aspects of the sporulation process, such as asymmetric cell division, prespore engulfment, spore maturation, and mother cell lysis (22). The sporulation program involves the timed activation of several mother cell and forespore compartment-and sporulation stage-dependent RNA polymerase sigma factors that transcribe specific sets of sporulation genes. Eventually, the sporulation program results in the lysis of the mother cell and the release of a dormant spore (22).The process of spore germination and outgrowth has been studies in less detail. Spore germination is initiated when the spore senses the appropriate trigger molecules, often simple sugars and/or amino acids. The germinant molecules are sensed by germination receptors. This, by an unknown mechanism, leads to an irreversible commitment of a spore to germination. The germinating spore initially releases Zn 2ϩ and H ϩ (65). Simultaneously (and probably as a consequence), the pH of the spore core rises from 6.5 to 7.7. In a second stage, the germinating spore releases the spore core's large supply of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid), and the spore core is rehydrated. Subsequently, cortex lytic enzymes are activated and the protective spore peptidoglycan cortex is degraded. This enables the germinating spore to hydrate the spore core further and to swell. These germination events coincide with a loss of...

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Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression duringBacillus subtilisSpore Germination and Outgrowth

et al. 2007

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Einfluß von Nalidixinsäure auf die Aktivierung der RNA‐Synthesen auswachsender Sporen von Bacillus subtilis

Hecker

1982

J of Basic Microbiology

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Outgrowth of B. subtilis spores depends on the action of DNA gyrase (comp. MATSUDA and KA-NEYAMA 1980). Application of nalidixic acid (100 pg/ml) to dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis prevents the outgrowth. Application of nalidixic acid (100 pg/ml) during the early outgrowth phase (after a 20 min germination period) does not prevent, but only delay spore outgrowth. Germination of spores is not influenced.Salidixic acid is an effective inhibitor of RNA synthesis in outgrowing spores, whereas vegetative cells are more resistant. Spores can grow out inspite of a remarkably reduced intensity of RNA synthesis. Nalidixic acid particularly inhibits the synthesis of stable RNA, probably that of ribosomal RNA.We suggest that DNA gyrase-catalyzed alterations in DNA structure are involved in the regulation of the gene expressional program of outgrowing B. subtilis spores.

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Zellteilung und Makromolekülsynthesen in auswachsenden Sporen einer temperatursensitiven filamentösen Mutante von Bacillus subtilis

Prösch

Hecker

Mach

et al. 1982

J of Basic Microbiology

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A temperature sensitive mutant of Bacillus subtilis SB 19, strain ts 33-6 was characterized. This strain grows a t 46 "C (restrictive temperature) with reduced intensity without septation processes. Under restrictive conditions DNA-and RNA-synthesis are remarkably reduced. DNA, however, is synthesized continuously under restrictive conditions causing the formation of multinuclear filaments. Septation, induced a t permissive temperature, is not prevented under restrictive conditions. That means that under restrictive conditions initiation of septation is blocked whereas formation of septa can be observed. Shift-up experiments have shown that the initiation of septation processes occurs a t an early stage of cell cycle.

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Aktivierung von Proteinbiosynthesen in auswachsenden Sporen von Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression duringBacillus subtilisSpore Germination and Outgrowth

Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression duringBacillus subtilisSpore Germination and Outgrowth

Einfluß von Nalidixinsäure auf die Aktivierung der RNA‐Synthesen auswachsender Sporen von Bacillus subtilis

Zellteilung und Makromolekülsynthesen in auswachsenden Sporen einer temperatursensitiven filamentösen Mutante von Bacillus subtilis

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