Al doping in germanene nanoribbons in the presence of an external electric field

Abstract

Germanene by description, is a two-dimensional material with many different properties from graphene. Germanene also has a honeycomb hexagonal form but it is not a planar structure. Germanene nanoribbons (GNRs) are created from germanene with edges that have been changed by other atoms; in this study, two of the GNRs’ edges have been modified by hydrogen. The density of states (DOS), energy formation, and band structure of the system are computed, displayed, and studied using density functional theory (DFT). Due to the presence of hydrogen at the two edges, GNRs have a narrow band gap. This research will look into Al doping in GNRs with the system being immersed in a 0.5V/Angstrom external electric field. Two configurations are examined in this section: the top configuration and the valley configuration. The doped configurations do not break up in the electric field, and both configurations become semi-metals with bands crossing the Fermi level. This research lays the groundwork for future applications in nanochip technology