“…As an antecedent to brand engagement (Hollebeek et al, 2014), customer experience has become a key strategic objective for many organizations (Bilgihan et al, 2016;Brodie et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2018;Johnston & Kong, 2011). In recent times, continuous technological developments, such as social media (Kietzmann et al, 2011), virtual or augmented reality (Farshid et al, 2018), artificial intelligence (AI) (Kietzmann et al, 2018;Mogaji et al, 2020;van Esch et al, 2019van Esch et al, , 2020, and robotics Feng et al, 2020;Huang & Rust, 2018), have been augmenting the capabilities of organizations to understand and transform customer experiences (Bolton et al, 2018;Breidbach et al, 2018;Van Doorn et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2020).…”