Al-Ghazali and the Golden Rule: Ethics of Reciprocity in the Works of a Muslim Sage

Parrott, Justin

doi:10.1080/10477845.2017.1281067

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Al-Ghazālī adalah salah seorang ulama klasik Islam yang paling berpengaruh dan popular, yang kesan dan sumbangannya dirasai di Timur dan Barat, baik dalam Islam mahupun di luar (Parrott 2017). Nama sebenar Imam al-Ghazālī ialah Abū Ḥāmid Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, atau lebih dikenal dengan gelaran al-Ghazālī.…”

Section: Biografi Ringkas Al-ghazālīunclassified

Psikoterapi al-Ghazālī: Kajian Terhadap Maqāmāt dalam Kitab Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn

Ibrahim¹,

Usman²,

Shahabudin³

2022

Islamiyyat

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Pelbagai isu dan permasalahan yang berlegar dalam kalangan masyarakat datangnya dari jiwa dan akal yang sibuk diisi dengan keduniaan. Kecintaan manusia kepada dunia membuatkan banyak manusia yang kecewa dengan kehidupan mereka, pelbagai isu jenayah berlaku, peperangan, perebutan kuasa dan akhirnya manusia semakin rakus mengejar dunia tanpa henti. Psikologi dan jiwa manusia semakin lama semakin derita dan akhirnya memilih untuk membunuh diri. Justeru, artikel ini dihasilkan bagi mengenal pasti psikoterapi yang sesuai untuk merawat akal dan jiwa manusia melalui sentuhan hikmah al-Ghazālī menerusi konsep Maqāmāt dalam karyanya Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, kajian ini mendapati terdapat beberapa Maqāmāt yang terangkum dalam Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, antaranya ialah al-tawbah, al-ṣabr, al-zuhd, al-tawakkul, al-maḥabbah, al-ma‘rifah dan al-riḍā. Konklusinya, tujuh Maqāmāt ini merupakan asas kepada pembinaan jati diri seorang mukmin sesuai dengan makna kitabnya menghidupkan ilmu-ilmu agama.

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Section: Biografi Ringkas Al-ghazālīunclassified

Psikoterapi al-Ghazālī: Kajian Terhadap Maqāmāt dalam Kitab Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn

Ibrahim¹,

Usman²,

Shahabudin³

2022

Islamiyyat

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“…• Despite all these measures, if the child does not give up his/her wrong behavior , he/she should be physically punished. This punishment can extend just to three sticks (Justin, 2017).…”

Section: Concept Of Disciplinementioning

confidence: 99%

Influential Thoughts of Muslim Thinkers about the Education System; Imam Ghazali and Ibn-Khaldun

Saleem

Kausar

Ali

et al. 2021

PJH

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Islam is considered divine religion. It is based on God's revelation and the sunnah of the Holy Prophet. It's a complete code of life as religion not just worship. Islam places considerable emphasis on education, as well as on beliefs and worship. It drives people to seek knowledge as a last religion. While, the first revelation highlights the significance of seeking knowledge as the first revelation word “Iqra” which means Read (Chapter Al-alaq). The main prerequisite for developing education is established in first chapter Al alaq's five ayat (Read, knowledge, and pen). The two renowned Muslim thinkers Imam Ghazali and Ibn Khuldun have passed in history, their services in the field of education provide directions to our current education system. Keeping in view the Islamic school of thoughts Imam Ghazali and Ibn Khuldun explained a comprehensive educational philosophy which they have discussed the main foundations of philosophy i.e. metaphysics, epistemology and axiology in the light of Quran and sunnah. Moreover, they have elaborated the aims of education and introduced the techniques to achieve them. As well as they clearly defined the role and responsibilities of instructors and pupils. So, this paper designates the biography and educational thoughts of Imam Ghazali and Ibne Khuldun in detail i.e., the concept of knowledge, classification of knowledge, learning stages, teaching methodology, curriculum, concept of discipline and obligations of both instructors and pupils.

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“…Reciprocity is a moral value that can be found in various religions, cultures and philosophies in different contexts, and they referred to it as the "Golden Rule of Reciprocity", which stated that "you treat others as you would like to be treated" (Flew, 1979). Indeed, the golden rule is an ethical dictum that motivates humans to treat each other the way they want to be treated (Parrott, 2017). The rule is also mentioned in Islamic literature and even in the biography of Prophet Muhammad SAW, where he said in hadith:…”

Section: Golden Rule In Muslims Mutual Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al-Ghazali's ethical philosophy is that mankind's purpose in life is to have a harmonious relationship with Allah, and one ought to ask for creatures (al-khalq) same as he is asking for himself (Parrott, 2017). Thus, a Muslim employee should treat his employer as he wants himself to be treated.…”

Section: Golden Rule In Muslims Mutual Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Islamic approach of obligations in mutual relations between employee and employer

Ali

Noordin

Achour

2018

International Journal of Ethics and Systems

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Purpose -The exchange approach in management has viewed employee and employer relationship as a mutual relation, and this notion offers a causal explanation for the exchanges that occur between employee and employer. The purpose of the paper is to use the notion of "mutual relations" in the employment context to reflect on similar conceptions from the Islamic perspective and to throw light on Muslim obligations in employee-employer mutual relations seeking for benefits and preventing harm.Design/methodology/approach -This paper draws on observations of other scholars in exchange theories based on reciprocity norm, well-being (maslaha), Islamic spiritual bases (taqwa, seeking for halal), work ethics in Islam and other Islamic teachings play toward understanding the nature of employeeemployer mutual relationship from Islamic perspective. Two main social exchange theories (SET) are discussed to give a comprehensive view to the paper's issue along with the literature reviewed from early Muslim scholars' works, sayings of Prophet Muhammad PBUM and Holy Qur'an.Findings -The literature indicates that it is possible to identify common ethical and contractual obligations in the employer's and employee's mutual relations from Islamic ideology. Given the paucity of research on employment relations in Islam, the paper offers an original perspective on this topic.Originality/value -The paper concludes that a Muslim work obligation has to be based on the understanding of the scope and nature of the contract between employee and employer. Allah (The All-Knowing) knows that even if all obligations in employee and employer mutual relations are clear, human error might occur.

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Al-Ghazali and the Golden Rule: Ethics of Reciprocity in the Works of a Muslim Sage

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Psikoterapi al-Ghazālī: Kajian Terhadap Maqāmāt dalam Kitab Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn

Psikoterapi al-Ghazālī: Kajian Terhadap Maqāmāt dalam Kitab Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn

Influential Thoughts of Muslim Thinkers about the Education System; Imam Ghazali and Ibn-Khaldun

The Islamic approach of obligations in mutual relations between employee and employer

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