Selective deoxygenation of chemicals using non-noble
metal-based
catalysts poses a significant challenge toward upgrading biomass-derived
oxygenates into advanced fuels and fine chemicals. Herein, we report
a bifunctional core–shell catalyst (Ni@Al3-mSiO2) consisting of Ni nanoparticles closely encapsulated by the
Al-doped mesoporous silica shell that achieves 100% vanillin conversion
and >99% yield of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol under 1 MPa H2 at 130 °C in water. Due to the unique mesoporous core–shell
structure, no significant decrease in catalytic activity was observed
after 10 recycles. Furthermore, incorporating Al atoms into the silica
shell significantly increased the number of acidic sites. Density
functional theory calculations reveal the reaction pathway of the
vanillin hydrodeoxygenation process and uncover the intrinsic influence
of the Al sites. This work not only provides an efficient and cost-effective
bifunctional hydrodeoxygenation catalyst but also offers a new synthetic
protocol to rationally design promising non-noble metal catalysts
for biomass valorization or other widespread applications.