Al-water reactivity of Al Mg Ga In Sn alloys used for hydraulic fracturing tools

Du, Bing; He, Tiantian; Liu, G.L.; Wang, Y.M.; Wang, W.; Chen, D.M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.090

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The mass ratio of Ga:In:Sn was maintained at 3.8:1.5:0.7, because the quaternary alloy with this composition exhibits excellent hydrogen generation properties. 36,41 The raw material mixtures were ball milled in a planetary ball mill equipment to prepare the Al-based composites. The ball milling parameters are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The added low-melting-point metals can effectively destroy the oxide film and promote the reaction between aluminum and water. [33][34][35][36][37] Wang et al, utilized mechanical alloying method to prepare a series of Al alloys with Ga, In and Sn as the alloy elements. They found no hydrogen generation for the Al-Ga, Al-In, Al-Sn and Al-Ga-Sn alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 Previously, the preparation of Al-Ga-In-Sn-metals and Al-salt systems for the hydrogen production has been extensively studied. [33][34][35][36][48][49][50][51] However, the Al-Ga-In-Sn-NaCl composites have not been investigated in depth with respect to the hydrogen production. In this work, we prepared a series of Al-Ga-In-Sn-NaCl composites using mechanical ball milling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for the activation of aluminum. The added low‐melting‐point metals can effectively destroy the oxide film and promote the reaction between aluminum and water 33‐37 . Wang et al, utilized mechanical alloying method to prepare a series of Al alloys with Ga, In and Sn as the alloy elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, the preparation of Al‐Ga‐In‐Sn‐metals and Al‐salt systems for the hydrogen production has been extensively studied 33‐36,48‐51 . However, the Al‐Ga‐In‐Sn‐NaCl composites have not been investigated in depth with respect to the hydrogen production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the Al/low‐melting‐point metals/salt composites for hydrogen generation

et al. 2021

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A series of Al-Ga-In-Sn-NaCl composites were prepared by mechanical ball milling. NaCl contributes to the particle breakage and particle refinement during the ball milling process, but the hydrogen generation of the composites decreases as the content of NaCl exceeds 5%. Higher composite to water ratio led to reduction of the hydrogen generation for the Al-Ga-In-Sn-5% NaCl composite. In addition, compared to pure water, the hydrogen generation of this composite is lower in NaCl solution. These results indicate the higher ionic concentration in water is not conducive for hydrogen generation. During the hydrolysis process, the dissolution of NaCl in water increases the ionic concentration, so the excessive NaCl in the composite leads to the reduction of hydrogen generation. In addition, optimization of the milling time is important for hydrogen generation. By optimizing the milling time to 18 hours, hydrogen yield of the Al-Ga-In-Sn-5% NaCl composite reached 1150 mL g −1 at 25 C. Although the composites easily react with moisture in the air, the hydrogen yield of Al-Ga-In-Sn-5% NaCl and Al-Ga-In-Sn-10% NaCl composites can maintain 100% and 94% of the original after being exposed to the air for 5 and 10 days. Highlights 1. A series of Al-Ga-In-Sn-NaCl composites were prepared by mechanical ball milling. 2. NaCl contributes to the particle breakage and particle refinement during the ball milling process, but the hydrogen generation of the composites decreases as the content of NaCl exceeds 5%.3. By optimizing the milling time to 18 hours, hydrogen yield of the Al-Ga-In-Sn-5% NaCl composite reached 1150 mL g −1 at 25 C in pure water. 4. The hydrogen yield of Al-Ga-In-Sn-5% NaCl and Al-Ga-In-Sn-10% NaCl composites can maintain 100% and 94% of the original after being exposed to the air for 5 and 10 days.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Investigation on the Al/low‐melting‐point metals/salt composites for hydrogen generation

et al. 2021

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Investigations on the Microstructure and Degradation Behavior of Hollow Glass Microspheres/Mg Alloy Composites

Lin

Liu

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Degradable materials with low density exhibit unique applications in the petroleum equipment field. Herein, hollow glass microspheres (HGM)‐reinforced Mg alloy degradable composites are fabricated. The microstructure and degradation behavior of the composites are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, immersion tests, and electrochemical measurements. Then the influence mechanisms of the HGM on the degradation property of composites are further revealed. The results show that the addition of the HGM significantly reduces the density of the composites. Different degrees of chemical reaction between the Mg alloy melt and HGM wall happen during the fabrication of the composites, resulting in the formation of MgO and Mg2Si. From the corrosive morphologies of the composites, Mg2Si phase can serve as a microgalvanic cathode consequently inducing more galvanic corrosion. The interface between HGM and matrix alloy can serve as the initiation site for pitting corrosion and increase the exposed area of the matrix in the aggressive medium. The electrochemical measurements prove that the HGM can act a part in facilitating the exfoliation of degradation products. Consequently, the HGM greatly increases the degradation rate of the composites in the KCl solution. The current study provides a new insight for developing lightweight Mg‐based composites with quickly degradable performance.

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Preparation and characterization of the Al‐Ga‐In‐Sn‐KCl composites for hydrogen generation

et al. 2021

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The production of hydrogen through the aluminum‐water reaction has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, a series of Al‐Ga‐In‐Sn‐KCl composites were prepared by mechanical ball milling for hydrogen generation. The effects of composite composition and preparation process on hydrogen generation are studied. It is determined that the optimal ball milling time for the Al‐6Ga‐2In‐1Sn‐1KCl, Al‐5Ga‐2In‐1Sn‐2KCl, and Al‐4Ga‐2In‐1Sn‐3KCl composites to reach their maximum hydrogen yield is 4, 7, and 9 hours, respectively. In particular, the 7 hours milled Al‐5Ga‐2In‐1Sn‐2KCl composite exhibits the best hydrogen generation properties among all composites, achieving a hydrogen yield of 1127 mL g−1 in pure water at 25°C. The microstructure characterization results show that the intermetallic compound In3Sn is formed in these three composites, and the three composites exhibit different morphologies due to their different compositions and different milling times. The effect of initial water temperature is also studied, and the best milled Al‐6Ga‐2In‐1Sn‐1KCl and Al‐5Ga‐2In‐1Sn‐2KCl composites are completely hydrolyzed as the water temperature rises to 60°C. Due to their good hydrogen production capacity, these composites are expected to become an energy source for real‐time hydrogen supply.

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Al-water reactivity of Al Mg Ga In Sn alloys used for hydraulic fracturing tools

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Investigation on the Al/low‐melting‐point metals/salt composites for hydrogen generation

Investigation on the Al/low‐melting‐point metals/salt composites for hydrogen generation

Investigations on the Microstructure and Degradation Behavior of Hollow Glass Microspheres/Mg Alloy Composites

Preparation and characterization of the Al‐Ga‐In‐Sn‐KCl composites for hydrogen generation

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