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Cretaz, Avril L. de la; Kelty, Matthew J.

doi:10.1023/a:1010098316832

Cited by 54 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The fact that deer are so abundant in the region may further facilitate invader success as a result of less competition from more palatable plant neighbors (Augustine and McNaughton 1998). Just as deer avoided certain invasive introduced species, deer also avoided the native fern D. punctilobula, which is considered an invasive native plant in northeastern US forest understories (de la Cretaz and Kelty 1999). Deer are known to Relative preferences (±SE) of adult deer for native and invasive introduced plant species for three seasons in multiplechoice preference trials a pooled across species (n = 49-56) and b by species (n = 7-8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deer feeding selectivity for invasive plants

et al. 2016

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Native generalist herbivores might limit plant invasion by consuming invading plants or enhance plant invasion by selectively avoiding them. The role of herbivores in plant invasion has been investigated in relation to plant native/introduced status, however, a knowledge gap exists about whether food selection occurs according to native/introduced status or to species. We tested preference of the native herbivore white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for widespread and frequently occurring invasive introduced and native plants in the northeastern United States. Multiplechoice deer preference trials were conducted for the species and relative preference was determined using biomass consumption and feeding behavior. While more native than introduced plant biomass was consumed overall, deer food selection varied strongly by plant species. Results show consistent deer avoidance of several invasive introduced plants (Alliaria petiolata, Berberis thunbergii, and Microstegium vimineum) and a native plant (Dennstaedtia punctilobula). Other invasive introduced plants (Celastrus orbiculatus, Ligustrum vulgare, and Lonicera morrowii) and a native plant (Acer rubrum) were highly preferred. These results provide evidence that herbivore impacts on plant invaders depend on plant species palatability. Consequently, herbivore selectivity likely plays an important role in the invasion process. To the extent that herbivory impacts population demographics, these results suggest that native generalist herbivores promote enemy release of some plant invaders by avoiding them and contribute to biotic resistance of others by consuming them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deer feeding selectivity for invasive plants

et al. 2016

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“…For example, the reduction in shrub cover caused by browsing leads to an increase in light availability for ground-layer vegetation (Gill and Beardall 2001) and thus enhances tree seedling germination (Traveset et al 2007); this may drive vegetation towards more heliophilous communities. Inversely, de la Cretaz and Kelty (1999) observed that herbivore removal of competing plants led to the accelerated growth of the hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), which in turn inhibited tree seedling establishment and development through allelopathic mechanisms. Monitoring vegetation over decades is particularly relevant to detecting such indirect, long-term effects of deer in field studies (Barrett et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreasing deer browsing pressure influenced understory vegetation dynamics over 30 years

Boulanger

Baltzinger²,

Saı̈d

et al. 2014

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Key message Thanks to the concomitant recordings of vegetation and deer browsing sampled first in 1976, then resurveyed in 2006, we show that forest plant communities shifted in response to deer population dynamics, stand management and eutrophication. & Context and aims High deer populations alter forest understory dynamics worldwide. However, no study ever attempted to rank the importance of deer herbivory relatively to other environmental drivers. In the Arc-en-Barrois National Forest (France), we investigated whether (i) deer browsing is a critical driver of vegetation composition and dynamics, (ii) the vegetation communities recover after a decrease in deer populations. & Methods In 2006, we resurveyed 321 plots from a network of 1027 plots where vegetation composition and browsing pressure was first assessed in 1976. We used coinertia analysis to identify the gradients in vegetation composition in 1976, when abiotic variables were also recorded. We assessed shifts in plant community composition using mean Ellenberg indicator values, analysed plot scores shifts along the axes of the coinertia analysis and correlated these shifts with changes in browsing pressure. & Results Two major gradients determined vegetation composition in 1976: edaphic variables (nitrogen availability and soil moisture) and browsing pressure. Over the next 30 years, we noticed a strong increase in nitrophilous plant species frequency and community composition shifted towards lightly browsed characteristics, accompanying a decrease in browsing pressure. Shifts in community composition were significantly correlated with the intensity of changes in browsing pressure, showing that deer population dynamics were a determinant driver of changes in plant assemblages. We observed an incomplete recovery of the communities 25 years after the reduction of deer densities, suggesting a delayed response to deer population reduction. Long-term monitoring of forest biodiversity should therefore include browsing pressure assessment to control for potential effects of wild ungulates.

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“…Like red maple, birch may be considered a 'super-generalist' (sensu [9]) in that it possesses wide amplitude in key traits that confer recruitment, survival, and growth advantages under a variety of conditions, including recently disturbed stands. This versatility is, perhaps, most evident in its shade tolerance, which has been categorized as intolerant to intermediate [10,11], yet research demonstrates birch seedlings are able to survive and grow even under extremely low light levels (i.e., <5% of full sun; [12,13]). The species' versatility in ecological attributes is not limited to shade tolerance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing is Not Everything: Assessing the Efficacy of Pre- Versus Post-Harvest Herbicide Applications in Mitigating the Burgeoning Birch Phenomenon in Regenerating Hardwood Stands

Royo

Pinchot

Stanovick

et al. 2019

Forests

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Sweet birch (Betula lenta L.) is aggressively recruiting in temperate forest understories of the eastern United States and often dominates the post-disturbance seedling community, diminishing diversity and hindering sustainable silviculture. The type and timing of silvicultural actions affect birch recruitment via their effects on seedling recruitment, survival, and growth. Here, we examine birch regeneration under two contrasting treatment sequences: pre- versus post-shelterwood harvest herbicide application (H–S vs. S–H) in combination with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) browsing (fenced vs. unfenced) at 22 sites in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA. Additionally, we examine how treatments interact with additional site factors, including potential propagule sources and site productivity (i.e., integrated moisture index). We found the S–H sequence initially reduced birch density by 71% relative to the H–S sequence; however, the magnitude of this reduction waned over five growing seasons. Furthermore, birch proliferated following the H–S sequence only where mature birch were present. Deer browsing reduced birch height by 29% relative to fenced areas protected from browsing; however, by the fifth growing season birch seedlings were over twice as tall as other hardwood species across all treatments. Finally, increasingly mesic sites enhanced birch height growth. In sum, although post-harvest herbicide (S–H) provides short-lived control over birch, land managers should also consider browse pressure, seed source, and site productivity, as these may enhance or diminish the efficacy of post-shelterwood herbicide sequence effects on birch.

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Untitled

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

Deer feeding selectivity for invasive plants

Deer feeding selectivity for invasive plants

Decreasing deer browsing pressure influenced understory vegetation dynamics over 30 years

Timing is Not Everything: Assessing the Efficacy of Pre- Versus Post-Harvest Herbicide Applications in Mitigating the Burgeoning Birch Phenomenon in Regenerating Hardwood Stands

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