Alanine Aminotransferase and Body Composition in Obese Men and Women

Bekkelund, Svein Ivar; Jorde, Rolf

doi:10.1155/2019/1695874

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In fact, ALT increases have been reported following extreme physical exertion such as Thai boxing or ultramarathons [41], so it is very unlikely that our squat-based protocol elicited such a response. It has also been suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines may exert a catabolic effect on muscle, which would facilitate the increase of ALT [42]. Thus, the higher ALT concentration in the LFP would agree with some results that suggest the lack of estrogen's protective effect, but further investigation is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Blood Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Following Eccentric Exercise

Romero-Parra

Barba-Moreno

Rael

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the menstrual cycle and its underlying hormonal fluctuations affect muscle damage and inflammation in well-trained females following an eccentric exercise. Nineteen eumenorrheic women performed an eccentric squat-based exercise in the early follicular phase, late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Sex hormones and blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation –creatine kinase, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, tumoral necrosis factor-α, and C reactive protein– were analyzed in each phase. No effect of menstrual cycle phase was observed (p > 0.05), while an interaction for interleukin-6 was shown (p = 0.047). Accordingly, a moderate effect size [0.68 (0.53)–0.84 (0.74)], indicated that interleukin-6 values 2 h post-trial (2.07 ± 1.26 pg/mL) were likely to be higher than baseline (1.59 ± 0.33 pg/mL), 24 h (1.50 ± 0.01 pg/mL) and 48 h (1.54 ± 0.13 pg/mL) in the mid-luteal phase. Blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation were not affected by the menstrual cycle in well-trained women. The eccentric exercise barely triggered muscle damage and hence, no inflammation was observed, possibly due to participants training status. The mid-luteal phase was the only phase reflecting a possible inflammatory response in terms of interleukin-6, although further factors than sex hormones seem to be responsible for this finding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Blood Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Following Eccentric Exercise

Romero-Parra

Barba-Moreno

Rael

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The sex-difference in ALT vs. age in the present study is not shown in previous studies, and the data otherwise do not point to any certain mechanism. A study in an obese cohort from the same area, showed an association between ALT and the muscular component of body composition in both sexes, but ALT was associated with fat mass in men only [26]. Furthermore, ALT was positively correlated with glucose, glycated haemoglobin and cholesterol in obese women [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A study in an obese cohort from the same area, showed an association between ALT and the muscular component of body composition in both sexes, but ALT was associated with fat mass in men only [26]. Furthermore, ALT was positively correlated with glucose, glycated haemoglobin and cholesterol in obese women [26]. ALT is higher in men than women but whether this is due to different body composition, sex hormones or diverging effect of confounders is unknown [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum alanine aminotransferase activity is age- and sex-depended but independently predicted by body mass index in both sexes. The Tromsø study

Bekkelund¹

2020

Preprint

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Background High and low levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) especially in elderly but the roles of sex and age are unexplained. This study investigated sex- and age-related variation of serum ALT and associations between ALT and CVD risk factors in men and women in a Caucasian population. Methods This study used cross-sectional data from Tromsø 6 in 2555 men (mean age 60.4 years) and 2858 women (mean age 60.0 years). Associations were assessed by variance analysis and multivariable logistic regression of odds to have abnormal ALT. Results Abnormal ALT was detected in 113 (4.4%) men and 188 (6.6%) women. ALT correlated negatively with age in men (r = -0.231, p < 0.001) and positively in women (r = 0.124, p < 0.001). A linear inversed association between age and ALT in men and a non-linear inversed U-trend in women with maximum level between 60–64 years were found. Age was independently associated with ALT in men only [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.04, 1.07), p < 0.001] and body mass index (BMI) was independently associated with ALT in both sexes. Conclusion The relationship between age and ALT was opposite directed in men compared to women, and linearly and independently in men only. Neither BMI as the strongest associated CVD risk factor in both sexes nor other risk components could explain this. Separate sex-analyses should be used in studies investigating the role of ALT as a disease marker.

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“…The pattern of sex-difference in ALT vs. age in the present study is not shown in previous studies, but the data otherwise do not indicate any certain mechanism. A study in an obese cohort from the same area, showed an association between ALT and the muscular component of body composition in both sexes, but ALT was associated with fat mass in men only [ 22 ]. Furthermore, ALT was positively correlated with glucose, glycated haemoglobin and cholesterol in obese women [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), HbA1c, serum-glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were analyzed using standard methods at Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø [ 22 ]. The standard cut-off limits for ALT, used in the Hospital are those developed by the Nordic Reference Interval Project (NORIP) [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population: the Tromsø study

Bekkelund

2021

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background High and low levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks especially in elderly, but the mechanisms are less known. This study investigated associations between ALT and CVD risk factors including effects of sex and age in a Caucasian population. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed sex-stratified in 2555 men (mean age 60.4 years) and 2858 women (mean age 60.0 years) from the population study Tromsø 6. Associations were assessed by variance analysis and multivariable logistic regression of odds to have abnormal ALT. Risk factors included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated haemoglobin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Abnormal elevated ALT was detected in 113 men (4.4%) and 188 women (6.6%). Most CVD risk factors associated positively with ALT in both sexes except systolic blood pressure and CRP (women only), while ALT was positively associated with age in men when adjusted for CVD risk factors, P < 0.001. BMI predicted ALT in men (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–1.00, P = 0.047) and women (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001). A linear inversed association between age and ALT in men and a non-linear inversed U-trend in women with maximum level between 60 and 64 years were found. Conclusion This study confirms a positive relationship between ALT and CVD risk factors, particularly BMI. Age is not a major confounder in the ALT-CVD relationship, but separate sex-analyses is recommended in such studies.

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Alanine Aminotransferase and Body Composition in Obese Men and Women

Cited by 27 publications

References 53 publications

Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Blood Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Following Eccentric Exercise

Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Blood Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Following Eccentric Exercise

Serum alanine aminotransferase activity is age- and sex-depended but independently predicted by body mass index in both sexes. The Tromsø study

Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population: the Tromsø study

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