Alaria alata mesocercariae prevalence and predilection sites in amphibians in Latvia

Ozoliņa, Zanda; Deksne, Gunita; Pupins, Mihails; Gravele, Evita; Gavarāne, Inese; Kirjušina, Muza

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06951-6

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Antagonism between some nematode and trematode species has been noted in communities in the Danube basin (Bjelić-Čabrilo et al, 2009). Amphibian helminth communities in Latvia and the east Baltic region were virtually unstudied before the present survey, with the single exception being a study on Alaria alata mesocercariae infections in ranid and bufonid amphibian hosts (Ozoliņa et al, 2021). Since 2016, amphibians have been targeted by several state-wide monitoring surveys in Latvia, which allowed us to visit many sites and perform extensive sampling for parasitological investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Surprisingly few studies in Western Palearctic amphibians have paid attention to species associations, relationship with host size or the habitat effect other than simple terrestrial vs. aquatic division. Some of these surveys confirm species richness or parasite total abundances as being higher in larger hosts (Andreas, 2006;Kuzmin et al, 2020), while others indicate the prevalence and intensity being positively related to the host size in separate trematode species (Abdel-Gaber et al, 2017;Ozoliņa et al, 2021) or describe changes in the post-metamorphic ranid frog infracommunities along the urbanization gradient (Vershinin et al, 2017). Antagonism between some nematode and trematode species has been noted in communities in the Danube basin (Bjelić-Čabrilo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The independent unit in our parasite-host size analyses was a sample, but in the parasite-waterbody size analyses it was a site. We pooled data from both hosts' sexes because their separate analyses produced basically the same results but strongly reduced data pool, and several studies have confirmed the absence of effect of sex on helminth prevalence and intensities in given host taxa (Andreas, 2006;Abdel-Gaber et al, 2017;Ozoliņa et al, 2021).…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helminth communities in amphibians from Latvia, with an emphasis on their connection to host ecology

et al. 2021

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Helminth infracommunities were studied at 174 sites of Latvia in seven hosts from six amphibian taxa of different taxonomical, ontogenic and ecological groups. They were described using a standard set of parasitological parameters, compared by ecological indices and linear discriminant analysis. Their species associations were identified by Kendall's rank correlation, but relationships with host size and waterbody area were analysed by zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial regressions. The richest communities (25 species) were found in post-metamorphic semi-aquatic Pelophylax spp. frogs, which were dominated by trematode species of both adult and larval stages. Both larval and terrestrial hosts yielded depauperate trematode communities with accession of aquatic and soil-transmitted nematode species, respectively. Nematode loads peaked in terrestrial Bufo bufo. Helminth infracommunities suggested some differences in host microhabitat or food object selection not detected by their ecology studies. Associations were present in 96% of helminth species (on average, 7.3 associations per species) and dominated positive ones. Species richness and abundances, in most cases, were positively correlated with host size, which could be explained by increasing parasite intake rates over host ontogeny (trematode adult stages) or parasite accumulation (larval Alaria alata). Two larval diplostomid species (Strigea strigis, Tylodelphys excavata) had a negative relationship with host size, which could be caused by parasite-induced host mortality. The adult trematode abundances were higher in larger waterbodies, most likely due to their ecosystem richness, while higher larval abundances in smaller waterbodies could be caused by elevated infection rates under high host densities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helminth communities in amphibians from Latvia, with an emphasis on their connection to host ecology

et al. 2021

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“…A total of 61 AM samples from different host individuals were collected during a prevalence study from 2017 to 2020 in Brandenburg, Germany [ 11 ], in collaboration with the Food Inspection and Veterinary Department, Administrative District Görlitz (State of Saxony, Germany), the LADR GmbH Medical Care Center North in Flintbek (State of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany), the local veterinary office in Brodnica (Brodnica, Poland) and the Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment (BIOR) in Riga, Latvia [ 10 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Method for Identification of Alaria alata Mesocercariae by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2021

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Alaria (A.) alata mesocercariae (AM) have increasingly appeared as incidental findings during the mandatory inspection of wild boars for Trichinella in many European countries. An Alaria spp.-specific PCR is available for the identification of AM; however, it is time- and cost-intensive. Therefore, we propose a rapid and cost-efficient MALDI-TOF assay for the identification of AM in wild boar meat that can be applied in routine diagnostics. In this study, a fast and methodologically simple protocol for the protein extraction of AM from different host species in different countries was established, and an AM-specific reference spectra database was created as part of the ongoing development of an existing Trichinella spp. database. A formic acid protein extraction was performed after pooling 10 AM from the same host individual. In total, 61 main spectra profiles (MSPs) from different host individuals were stored in an AM-specific MSP library. The cluster analysis of these 61 MSPs indicated a possible variation within the A. alata species with a tentative association with the geographical origin of the host, but not the host species. This MALDI-TOF assay allows for a fast verification of the AM isolates, which is the next step in the development of a universal database for the identification of several parasites isolated from meat.

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“…The life cycle of Alaria trematodes can also be realized in many paretic (atypical) hosts that allow the species to survive if there are not enough typical hosts. Within this group, special attention should be paid to the wild boar (Sus scrofa) -an omnivore that can eat other intermediate Infestation of wild boar meat from the Eastern Lublin province with Alaria mesocercariae hosts (snails, tadpoles, frogs), or the carrion of other paretic hosts (mice, rats, polecats, martens, raccoons) as an opportunist (19,21,22,27,28,33). Its habitats (forest biotopes with numerous wetlands) also make wild boar a frequent, though atypical, host in the life cycle of Alaria trematodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infestation of wild boar meat from the Eastern Lublin province with Alaria mesocercariae

Strokowska¹,

Bełkot²,

Wisniewski³

et al. 2021

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The study was aimed at assessment of the usefulness of a digestion method, a standard procedure for routine examination of wild boar meat for Trichinella, in detecting the presence of Distomum musculorum suis (DMS) in the population of wild boars from the Eastern Lublin province. The study material included 500 samples collected from the diaphragm pillars of 250 young boars (6-12 months) and 250 boars above one year of age. First, the meat was tested with the digestion method that is a referential procedure for trichinosis detection. Then, the samples in which over ten mesocercariae were found were assessed with an Alaria-Migration Technique (AMT). The digestion method confirmed the presence of Alaria mesocercariae in 42 carcasses of young boars (16.8 %) and 117 samples of animals older than one year (46.8 %). The study showed a diversified intensity of the parasite presence in the carcasses of individual animals. The invasion intensity ranged from 1 to 18 parasites in 50 g of meat in the young animals, and from 1 to 22 larvae in the older individuals. The carcasses of eight young and thirty two older animals contained over 10 parasites per 50 g of the meat, which accounted for 3.2 % and 12.8 % animals per respective age group. AMT analysis also indicated variable intensity of the parasite infestation, amounting to 32-57 mesocercariae in young animals and 31-71 larvae in the older ones. The study demonstrated an almost three times higher efficiency of the AMT method than the digestion method, which made us conclude that the former should be recommended for Alaria detection. The digestion method used for routine detection of Trichinella, despite its lower accuracy in diagnosing Alaria mesocercariae, can be also employed for the detection of DMS in the case of intensive parasite infection. Our study confirmed high prevalence of the parasite among wild boars from the Eastern Lublin Province. We also found that the invasion intensity depended on the animal age and was higher in older individuals. Considering the zoonotic nature of alariosis and its frequency, it poses an increasingly common problem for official veterinarians during the sanitary and veterinary evaluation of wild boar meat.

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Alaria alata mesocercariae prevalence and predilection sites in amphibians in Latvia

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Helminth communities in amphibians from Latvia, with an emphasis on their connection to host ecology

Helminth communities in amphibians from Latvia, with an emphasis on their connection to host ecology

Development of a Novel Method for Identification of Alaria alata Mesocercariae by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Infestation of wild boar meat from the Eastern Lublin province with Alaria mesocercariae

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