Alarm substance from adult zebrafish alters early embryonic development in offspring

Mourabit, Sulayman; Rundle, Simon D.; Spicer, John I.; Sloman, Katherine A.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0944

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This substance is synthesized in the epidermal cells of the fish and then released if there is cell membrane damage, which induces a strong fear response in nearby individuals [ 29 , 52 ]. Whereas new models for the study of fear and anxiety have been developed in larval zebrafish [ 30 , 31 ], only one study has determined the impact of the alarm substance in young stages of this species [ 53 ]. In this study, embryos exposed for 30 minutes displayed higher overall developmental rates compared with non-exposed fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of stress, fear and anxiety on the nociceptive responses of larval zebrafish

et al. 2017

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Both adult and larval zebrafish have been demonstrated to show behavioural responses to noxious stimulation but also to potentially stress- and fear or anxiety- eliciting situations. The pain or nociceptive response can be altered and modulated by these situations in adult fish through a mechanism called stress-induced analgesia. However, this phenomenon has not been described in larval fish yet. Therefore, this study explores the behavioural changes in larval zebrafish after noxious stimulation and exposure to challenges that can trigger a stress, fear or anxiety reaction. Five-day post fertilization zebrafish were exposed to either a stressor (air emersion), a predatory fear cue (alarm substance) or an anxiogenic (caffeine) alone or prior to immersion in acetic acid 0.1%. Pre- and post-stimulation behaviour (swimming velocity and time spent active) was recorded using a novel tracking software in 25 fish at once. Results show that larvae reduced both velocity and activity after exposure to the air emersion and alarm substance challenges and that these changes were attenuated using etomidate and diazepam, respectively. Exposure to acetic acid decreased velocity and activity as well, whereas air emersion and alarm substance inhibited these responses, showing no differences between pre- and post-stimulation. Therefore, we hypothesize that an antinociceptive mechanism, activated by stress and/or fear, occur in 5dpf zebrafish, which could have prevented the larvae to display the characteristic responses to pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of stress, fear and anxiety on the nociceptive responses of larval zebrafish

et al. 2017

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“…Of course, evolution works on averages, so this will not lead to the ‘best’ outcome for every individual. Nevertheless, conformity may give the chimpanzees the opportunity to acquire information and shape preferences in situations in which it may be difficult or costly to gather the requisite personal information (Henrich & Boyd 1998; Laland 2004; Pike & Laland 2010). Thus it may be a better strategy to rely on observations of one’s groupmates, even when they do not seem to make sense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Follow-the-majority predicts that, as the number of animals in a group performing a specific behaviour increases, so does the likelihood of a naïve individual adopting that same behaviour, thus driving the preservation of the tradition. Through empirical investigation, such a process, also termed ‘conformist transmission’ (Henrich & Boyd 1998), has been identified in a number of species, including fish (Day et al 2001; Pike & Laland 2010), rats (Chou & Richerson 1992), nonhuman primates (Whiten et al 2005; Perry 2009) and humans (Kameda & Nakanishi 2002). …”

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confidence: 99%

Chimpanzees’ socially maintained food preferences indicate both conservatism and conformity

et al. 2011

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Chimpanzees remain fixed on a single strategy, even if a novel, more efficient, strategy is introduced. Previous studies reporting such findings have incorporated paradigms in which chimpanzees learn one behavioural method and then are shown a new one that the chimpanzees invariably do not adopt. This study provides the first evidence that chimpanzees show such conservatism even when the new method employs the identical required behaviour as the first, but for a different reward. Groups of chimpanzees could choose to exchange one of two types of inedible tokens, with each token type being associated with a different food reward: one type was rewarded with a highly preferred food (grape) and the other type was rewarded with a less preferred food (carrot). Individuals first observed a model chimpanzee from their social group trained to choose one of the two types of tokens. In one group, this token earned a carrot, while in the other, control, group the token earned a grape. In both groups, chimpanzees conformed to the trained model’s choice. This was especially striking for those gaining the pieces of carrot, the less favoured reward. This resulted in a population-level trend of food choices, even when counter to their original, individual, preferences. Moreover, the chimpanzees’ food preferences did not change over time, demonstrating that these results were not due to a simple shift in preferences. We discuss social factors apparent in the interactions and suggest that, despite seeming to be inefficient, in chimpanzees, conformity may benefit them, possibly by assisting with the maintenance of group relations.

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“…For example, we know little about variation at different biological levels during development; indeed, variation during development has often been viewed as 'noise' that hampers the investigation of the genetic control of developmental processes (Spicer & Gaston, 1999;. However, an emerging body of evidence is revealing significant intraspecific variation during development, including variation in the timing of developmental events at the individual level (Gomez-Mestre et al, 2008de Jong et al, 2009;Mourabit et al, 2010;Pan & Burggren, 2010;Tills et al, 2011;Tills, Rundle & Spicer, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Variance in developmental event timing is greatest at low biological levels: implications for heterochrony

Tills

Rundle

Spicer

2013

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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Intraspecific variation in developmental event timing is common and may be the raw material from which heterochronies (altered timing of developmental events between ancestors and descendants) arise. However, our understanding of how variance in intraspecific developmental event timing is distributed across different hierarchical, biological levels is poor, despite recent evidence suggesting a genetic basis for such inter-individual differences. In the present study, we used high (temporal and spatial) resolution bio-imaging of the entire embryonic development of the pond snail, Radix balthica, to investigate how variance was partitioned between the biological levels of interpopulation, inter-egg mass and individual, with respect to the relative timing of four key developmental events (four-cell division, a discrete heart beat, capsule rupture, and hatching), as well as egg volume (an index of maternal investment), hatchling size and shape (to compare embryonic with post-hatch variance). We found that the timing of all but one (four cell division) of the developmental events, together with all measures of hatchling size and shape, had most variance partitioned at the individual level; variance at the interpopulation level was surprisingly low despite sampling populations from across the geographical range of R. balthica. These patterns highlight the importance of studying the distribution of variance in developmental event timing with the aim of understanding how it might drive organismal ecology and evolution.

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Alarm substance from adult zebrafish alters early embryonic development in offspring

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Impact of stress, fear and anxiety on the nociceptive responses of larval zebrafish

Impact of stress, fear and anxiety on the nociceptive responses of larval zebrafish

Chimpanzees’ socially maintained food preferences indicate both conservatism and conformity

Variance in developmental event timing is greatest at low biological levels: implications for heterochrony

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