Alarm Substances and Fright Reaction in Some Fishes from the Southeastern United States

Reed, J.R.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1969)98[664:asafri]2.0.co;2

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, several cyprinid species show behavioural alterations in response to the presence of a predator (Reed 1969;Lima & Dill 1990;Magnhagen & Forsgren 1991) and no evidence supports the hypothesis that bleak would be less susceptible to predation by otters than roach or chub, by virtue of a more efficient anti-predator behaviour than chub or roach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) prey selection in response to a variation of fish abundance

Remonti

Prigioni

Balestrieri

et al. 2010

Italian Journal of Zoology

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In 2001 and 2002 we studied Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) fish selection in southern Italy by comparing otter diet (805 analysed spraints) with fish availability, estimated by electrofishing. The surveyed river was dominated by cyprinids, particularly by chub (Leuciscus cephalus), roach (Rutilus rubilio) and bleak (Alburnus sp.). Roach and chub were the most common prey recorded in spraints. Otters ate mainly small prey (total length < 90 mm). Chub were widely consumed according to abundance, whilst roach and bleak consumption was not proportionate to their availability. Otters selected roach both in 2001 and 2002 and responded to a decrease in roach availability (-27.3%) by increasing their frequency of consumption rather than switching to an alternative prey. Despite their high abundance, bleak seemed to be markedly avoided by otters. We hypothesized that differences in microhabitat selection may influence the susceptibility of cyprinids to otter predation. The possible effects on fish community were briefly discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) prey selection in response to a variation of fish abundance

Remonti

Prigioni

Balestrieri

et al. 2010

Italian Journal of Zoology

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show abstract

“…Fish are known to have well developed olfactory and gustatory senses, which are used in association with food finding, sexual behavior, social interactions, and homing, but also to detect the presence of predators (e.g., Goz 1941, Reed 1969, Liley 1982, Weldon 1990, Hara 1993. The chemical cue that elicits a response in the prey may originate in the predator but it may also be a result of a predation event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Cues from Piscivores Induce a Change in Morphology in Crucian Carp

Brönmark¹,

Pettersson

1994

Oikos

147

148

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Wiley-Blackwell and Nordic Society Oikos are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Oikos. . 1994. Chemical cues from piscivores induce a change in morphology in crucian carp. -Oikos 70: 396-402.Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) develop a deeper body in the presence of northern pike (Esox lucius) and this has been suggested to be a predator-induced morphological defense. The evolution of inducible defenses requires that prey have reliable cues of detecting the predator. Here we investigate the nature of the cues used by crucian carp in a series of laboratory experiments. We monitored the change in body depth of crucian carp when exposed to visual and chemical cues from predators and to alarm substances from conspecifics. Results show that chemical cues are sufficient to induce an increase in body depth of crucian carp. Alarm substances released by injured crucians had no effect on body depth, whereas pike, even when not feeding in the experimental aquaria, induced an increase in body depth. This suggests that chemical cues released by the predator induce the change in crucian body morphology. Chemical cues from perch with a macroinvertebrate diet did not elicit a response, but when perch were fed crucian carp the body depth of crucians increased, i.e. the chemical cue is related to the piscivorous diet of the predator. Removal of predator cues from the aquaria resulted in a limited decrease of body depth. Crucian carp responds to chemical cues from predators with a piscivorous diet, rather than to the predator per se, by increasing body depth. This should be adaptive in habitats with a suite of predators or when predators undergo ontogenetic niche shifts.

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“…However, the situation in the family Poeciliidae of the order Atheriniformes is unclear. There are 2 reports of alarm reaction in the Poeciliid Gambusia affinis (Reed 1969;Bryant 1987), and there is contradictory evidence in the case of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Schutz 1956;Pfeiffer 1960).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alarm reaction and alert state inGambusia Affinis (Pisces, Poeciliidae) in response to chemical stimuli from injured conspecifics

1992

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--We studied the behavior of the Poeciliid fish Gambusia affinis after the introduction of 3 substances into their tank: a homogenization of Gambusia affinis, a homogenization of the Anabantid fish Betta splendens, and a blank made of distilled water. The response of the fish was measured as a change in their spatial distribution in the tank after the introduction of the substance. Two sizes of fish were used, and the Gambusia homogenization produced clear alarm reactions in both, the fish fleeing to the bottom of the tank. This is one of a few examples available of recognition of alarm substances in non-ostariophysian fish. In addition, we found that the small fishes that had recently been exposed to the alarm substance stayed in an 'alert state', in which they had an increased sensitivity to mechanical and visual fright stimuli.

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Alarm Substances and Fright Reaction in Some Fishes from the Southeastern United States

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) prey selection in response to a variation of fish abundance

Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) prey selection in response to a variation of fish abundance

Chemical Cues from Piscivores Induce a Change in Morphology in Crucian Carp

Alarm reaction and alert state inGambusia Affinis (Pisces, Poeciliidae) in response to chemical stimuli from injured conspecifics

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