Alarming incidence of genital mycoplasmas among HIV-1-infected MSM in Jiangsu, China

Wu, Jianru; Wang, B.; Chen, L.-S.; Yang, Tian; Zhou, Li; Xie, Yan-xin; Xu, Jingkun; Guo, Haijian; Huan, Xiping

doi:10.1007/s10096-013-1942-5

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Studies have focused primarily on Mycoplasma genitalium and have reported conflicting prevalence levels in comparison to other common STIs. [7][8][9] Even though such studies have suggested the need to screen MSM for M. genitalium, most routine laboratories do not provide this service. 7,10 Low prevalence rates of Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis have been reported in rectal specimens from MSM; however, this has been confounded by the use of insensitive culture-dependent methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gardnerella vaginalis and Mollicute detection in rectal swabs from men who have sex with men

Cox¹,

Watt²,

McKenna³

et al. 2016

Int J STD AIDS

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The numbers of rectal sexually transmitted infections are on the rise especially among men who have sex with men. Males from men who have sex with men population are encouraged to send a rectal swab to the laboratory for sexually transmitted infection screening at their visit to the Genitourinary Medicine Clinic. In healthy asymptomatic males, the range of pathogens tested is limited therefore other pathogens may be left untreated allowing infections to persist among sexual partners. Molecular techniques have revolutionarised sexually transmitted infection testing enabling the detection of previously difficult-to-culture pathogens in extra-genital sites and have increased the evidence base for their clinical significance. The present study tests 107 rectal swabs from men who have sex with men negative for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae against quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays targeting five common sexually transmitted bacteria which include Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum and Gardnerella vaginalis. The pathogenic role of these five bacteria in men who have sex with men is currently unknown. Amongst the 107 patients, a positive qPCR was obtained respectively for G. vaginalis 89 (83.2%); U. urealyticum 26 (24.3%); M. hominis 26 (24.3%); M. genitalium 10 (9.3%) and U. parvum 5 (4.7%). Bacterial loads in single and co-infections were compared for each organism. G. vaginalis and M. hominis loads were significantly ( p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively) higher when co-infecting with at least one other organism. Amongst co-infections, the loads of each organism were assessed to determine possible synergies. G. vaginalis and M. hominis displayed a synergistic pattern ( r = 0.51; p = 0.02) which is in keeping with a similar synergy detected previously in the vagina of women with bacterial vaginosis. This study outlines that potential significant infections are being missed in men who have sex with men population; however, further research is warranted to confirm a pathogenesis in the rectal mucosa before routine screening can be introduced to clinical settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gardnerella vaginalis and Mollicute detection in rectal swabs from men who have sex with men

Cox¹,

Watt²,

McKenna³

et al. 2016

Int J STD AIDS

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“…A large-scale survey in MSM showed that CRF55_01B was found in 7 from 11 studied provinces in China [53, 54]. A recent paper reported that an outbreak prevalence of the CRF55_01B strains among MSM has formed in Shenzhen, a large city in Southern China [53, 55, 56]. The identification of CRF55_01B in MSM in Yinchuan indicates that MSM is the most at-risk population for the emergence of new HIV subtypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Characteristics and HIV Infection of Men who have Sex with Men from 2011 to 2017 in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

Guan

Zhao

et al. 2019

CHR

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Objectives: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, an important area for ethnic Hui settlement in Northwest China, is a low HIV prevalence region. However, HIV infection rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ningxia have increased to an alarming level, despite scale-up of control measures in recent years. This study aimed to understand the demographical and sexual behavior dy-namics of MSM and to explore the factors associated with HIV infection. Methods: Annual cross-sectional surveys were carried out among MSM during 2011~2017 in Yin-chuan, the capital city of Ningxia. Information regarding social demographics, sexual behavior and HIV prevention knowledge was collected. Blood samples were taken for HIV, HCV serological and genetic analysis, and syphilis serological analysis. The dynamic trend was analyzed with trend χ2 test and factors associated with HIV infection were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The study found a decreasing trend for mean age of the MSM population over the study peri-od. MSMs with a college education or higher increased significantly, while the proportions that were in a marriage significantly decreased over the study period. The rate of HIV positive among MSM in-creased during the study period (p<0.05), however, the rate of recently diagnosed infections decreased from 2012 (p<0.05). Overall, a very high proportion (98%) of MSM had basic knowledge of HIV prevention, however, only approximately 40% of them used condoms consistently during anal sex with male partners. Unprotected anal sex was identified as a risk factor associated with HIV infection, as was syphilis infection. Local residency status and MSM who received intervention and detection services were the factors that decreased HIV infection risk. Sequence analysis identified the HIV-1 CRF55_01B subtype from MSM for the first time in Yinchuan. Conclusion: The reduction of recent HIV diagnoses is an encouraging sign of successful HIV control measures in MSM in Ningxia. The finding that a high proportion of MSM had knowledge of HIV prevention but still conducted unprotected sex highlights the need for further control measures to change unsafe sexual practices among MSM.

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“…In the available studies of MG infection in men living in China, the positive rate was 3.4% as detected in first-void urine (FVU) and 5.4% as detected in the rectal samples of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shenzhen [ 14 ], 15.3% in the rectal samples of MSM in Shenyang [ 15 ]. Among men living with HIV in Jiangsu Province, the positive rate ranged from 20.1 to 29.2% as detected in FVU [ 16 – 19 ]. The positive rate of MG was 10.2% in symptomatic patients with NGU and 13.9% in patients with asymptomatic NGU in Hong Kong [ 20 , 21 ] and was 28.1% in men with STD-related complaints in Guangxi [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium infection among patients attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) causes urogenital tract infections and is associated with reproductive morbidity. Although MG has been reported across many regions and population groups, it is not yet routinely tested for in China. Our study contributes to current research by reporting the prevalence and correlates of MG infection in patients attending a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Guangdong from Jan 2017-May 2018. Methods Urethral (from 489 men) and endo-cervical (from 189 women) samples, blood samples, and patient histories (via questionnaires) were collected. Doctors clinically diagnosed anogenital warts (GW) during the examination (n = 678). The presence of MG was evaluated using an in-house via polymerase chain reaction protocol. We also tested all participants for herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), syphilis and HIV. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate factors associated with MG. Results MG was detected in 7.2% (49/678) of the patients (men, 7.4%; women, 6.9%). The MG positivity rate was 14.2% among symptomatic patients, and 5.6% for asymptomatic patients, respectively. Only 36.7% (18/49) Mg positive patients were symptomatic. Among the MG-infected patients, 10.2% were co-infected with CT, 6.1% with NG, 8.2% with HSV-2, 4.1% with syphilis and 22.4% with GW. Presentation with clinical symptoms was significantly associated with MG infection [OR = 2.52 (2.03–3.13)]. In our analysis, MG was not associated with other STIs. Conclusions MG is a relatively common infection among individuals attending an STI clinic in Guangdong Province. Routine testing of symptomatic patients may be necessary, and more epidemiological studies are needed to provide evidence for future testing guidelines.

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Alarming incidence of genital mycoplasmas among HIV-1-infected MSM in Jiangsu, China

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Gardnerella vaginalis and Mollicute detection in rectal swabs from men who have sex with men

Gardnerella vaginalis and Mollicute detection in rectal swabs from men who have sex with men

Dynamic Characteristics and HIV Infection of Men who have Sex with Men from 2011 to 2017 in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

Prevalence and correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium infection among patients attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study

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