Alarming rise in HIV cases in Pakistan: Challenges and future recommendations at hand

Aizaz, Muhammad; Abbas, Frank; Abbas, Awad Elkareem; Tabassum, Shehroze; Obeagu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi

doi:10.1002/hsr2.1450

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Drug usage, such as heroin, phensedyl, and cannabis, can cause poor diets, malnutrition, and immunode ciency [33]. This can result in micronutrient de ciencies, immunosuppressive di culties, and overall health issues [34,35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of trace element levels in biological samples of drug abuser: Halani Sindh, Pakistan

Chang,

Balouch,

Nahyoon

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Illicit drug use has become a global issue, posing significant health, socioeconomic, and cultural risks. The study examined essential trace metal selenium, zinc and copper in blood concentrations, serum and scalp hair samples, from male 240 drug-abuse subjects/patients aged 18–45 categorized into three age groups. The study compared 45 healthy subjects of the same age group using an acid-digestion method supported during sample preparation a microwave oven. The technique atomic-absorption spectrophotometry was employed to identify essential and toxic elements, utilizing certified reference materials for accuracy. Drug abusers' Se and Zn concentrations are lower than those of referent subjects, potentially increasing vulnerability to infection due to poor nutritional status or other contaminants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of trace element levels in biological samples of drug abuser: Halani Sindh, Pakistan

Chang,

Balouch,

Nahyoon

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…These released factors can modulate immune responses, influencing the activation state of neighboring immune cells and potentially contributing to the local immune microenvironment. [41][42][43][44][45] Mast cell activation in response to HIV antigens or immune complexes can trigger the release of inflammatory mediators, contributing to local inflammation. Chronic activation and sustained release of these mediators might lead to immune dysregulation, potentially exacerbating HIV-associated inflammation and tissue damage.…”

Section: Mast Cell-mediated Immune Responses In Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of mast cell markers in HIV/AIDS: Current insights and future directions

Obeagu

2024

Medicine

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to pose significant global health challenges, necessitating advancements in diagnostic and prognostic approaches to optimize disease management. While primarily recognized for their roles in allergic responses, mast cells have emerged as potential markers with diagnostic and prognostic significance in the context of HIV/AIDS. This paper aims to synthesize current insights and delineate future directions regarding the utility of mast cell markers in diagnosing HIV infection, predicting disease progression, and guiding therapeutic strategies. Mast cells, equipped with distinct markers such as tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A3, and c-kit/CD117 receptors, exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns that offer potential as diagnostic indicators for HIV infection. Understanding the dynamics of these markers in different tissues and body fluids holds promise for accurate HIV diagnosis, disease staging, and monitoring treatment responses. Moreover, the prognostic significance of mast cell markers in HIV/AIDS lies in their potential to predict disease progression, immune dysregulation, and clinical outcomes. The integration of mast cell markers into clinical applications offers promising avenues for refining diagnostic assays, patient monitoring protocols, and therapeutic strategies in HIV/AIDS. Future research directions involve the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapies based on mast cell-specific markers, potentially revolutionizing clinical practice and enhancing patient care in the management of HIV/AIDS. Continued investigations into mast cell markers’ diagnostic and prognostic implications hold immense potential to advance our understanding and improve outcomes in HIV/AIDS management.

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“…This enhanced safety profile has significantly improved the overall outlook for transfusion-dependent patients, bolstering confidence in transfusion practices. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] HIV infection profoundly affects the hematopoietic system, leading to a spectrum of hematologic disorders. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation abnormalities are among…”

Section: Transfusion Therapy In Hiv: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfusion Therapy in HIV: Risk Mitigation and Benefits for Improved Patient Outcomes

Obeagu,

Obeagu

2024

Asian J Dental Health Sci

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Transfusion therapy is a pivotal aspect of healthcare, especially for individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This comprehensive review aims to dissect the intricate landscape of transfusion therapy in HIV patients, emphasizing the delicate balance between risks and benefits to achieve enhanced patient outcomes. With advancements in blood safety measures and antiretroviral therapy (ART), navigating the complexities of transfusion therapy in HIV management becomes paramount for healthcare professionals. The review consolidates current knowledge and emerging trends, encompassing challenges, benefits, risks, and strategies to optimize transfusion therapy for improved patient care. The paper delineates key areas, including blood safety measures such as nucleic acid testing (NAT) and pathogen reduction technologies, emphasizing their role in ensuring safer blood products for transfusion in HIV patients. Furthermore, it explores the impact of HIV on hematological disorders, delving into transfusion-transmitted infections and strategies to mitigate these risks. Additionally, it scrutinizes the therapeutic benefits of transfusion therapy in managing hematologic complications in HIV, while addressing potential risks, including immune reactions and adverse effects. Optimizing transfusion therapy in HIV necessitates personalized approaches, considering the individual patient's HIV status, comorbidities, and specific transfusion needs. The role of ART in reducing transfusion requirements and associated risks is highlighted, alongside emerging trends like novel therapies and alternative transfusion practices. Keywords: Transfusion therapy, HIV, blood safety, antiretroviral therapy, risks, benefits, patient outcomes, transfusion-transmitted infections, personalized treatment, hematology, blood products

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Alarming rise in HIV cases in Pakistan: Challenges and future recommendations at hand

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Detection of trace element levels in biological samples of drug abuser: Halani Sindh, Pakistan

Detection of trace element levels in biological samples of drug abuser: Halani Sindh, Pakistan

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of mast cell markers in HIV/AIDS: Current insights and future directions

Transfusion Therapy in HIV: Risk Mitigation and Benefits for Improved Patient Outcomes

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