Alarming trends in the improper use of motor vehicle restraints in children: implications for public policy and the development of race-based strategies for improving compliance

Rangel, Shawn J.; Martin, Colin; Brown, Rebeccah L.; Garcia, Victor F.; Falcone, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.09.045

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A large body of evidence now exists that shows the black race to be an independent predictor of higher mortality after injury [8][9][10][11][12]. Potential reasons for these disparate outcomes after trauma include poor preinjury health status, decreased access to routine preventive care, cultural beliefs, and health care provider biases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race disparities in firearm injuries and outcomes among Tennessee children

Martin

Unni

Landman

et al. 2012

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race disparities in firearm injuries and outcomes among Tennessee children

Martin

Unni

Landman

et al. 2012

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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“…Although the magnitude of difference has shifted and methods vary, our findings are consistent with the published literature. [20][21][22]32 In 2004, 28% of black 4-to 8-year-olds at a child restraint system inspection program were not appropriately restrained compared with 12% of whites. 20 Surveys of insured drivers of children involved in a sample of crashes in 2000-2004 revealed more suboptimal restraint use among African American 1-to 3-year-olds and 4-to 8-year-olds than whites (8% vs 4% and 76% vs 64%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in Age-Appropriate Child Passenger Restraint Use Among Children Aged 1 to 12 Years

2014

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Age-appropriate child safety seat use in the United States is suboptimal, particularly among children older than 1 year. Minority children have higher rates of inappropriate child safety seat use based on observational studies. Explanations for observed differences include socioeconomic factors. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:White parents reported greater use of age-appropriate child safety seats for 1-to 7-year-old children than nonwhite parents. Race remained a significant predictor of age-appropriate restraint use after adjusting for parental education, family income, and information sources. abstract OBJECTIVE: Observed racial disparities in child safety seat use have not accounted for socioeconomic factors. We hypothesized that racial differences in age-appropriate restraint use would be modified by socioeconomic status and child passenger safety information sources. METHODS:A 2-site, cross-sectional tablet-based survey of parents seeking emergency care for their 1-to 12-year-old child was conducted between October 2011 and May 2012. Parents provided self-report of child passenger safety practices, demographic characteristics, and information sources. Direct observation of restraint use was conducted in a subset of children at emergency department discharge. Age-appropriate restraint use was defined by Michigan law. RESULTS:Of the 744 eligible parents, 669 agreed to participate and 601 provided complete responses to key variables. White parents reported higher use of car seats for 1-to 3-year-olds and booster seats for 4-to 7-year-olds compared with nonwhite parents. Regardless of race, ,30% of 8-to 12-year-old children who were #4 feet, 9 inches tall used a booster seat. White parents had higher adjusted odds (3.86, 95% confidence interval 2.27-6.57) of reporting age-appropriate restraint use compared with nonwhite parents, controlling for education, income, information sources, and site. There was substantial agreement (82.6%, k = 0.74) between parent report of their child' s usual restraint and the observed restraint at emergency department discharge.CONCLUSIONS: Efforts should be directed at eliminating racial disparities in age-appropriate child passenger restraint use for children ,8 years. Booster seat use, seat belt use, and rear seating represent opportunities to improve child passenger safety practices among older children.

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“…Therefore, enhancing proper CRS use is an important target of interventions [4,5]. While misuse of CRS is high across all groups, it is even more frequent among racial and ethnic minority groups and children from low socioeconomic status households [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregivers’ Use of Child Passenger Safety Resources and Quality of Future Child Restraint System Installations

Mirman

Seifert

Metzger

et al. 2017

Safety

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Objectives: Child Restraint System (CRS) misuse is common. We characterized caregivers' use of child passenger safety informational and instructional resources and determined whether there were differences in the quality of CRS installations associated with prior exposure to specific resources as evaluated in a standardized CRS installation environment. Methods: Caregivers completed self-report surveys and installed a forward-facing CRS in a controlled environment. Installations were evaluated for security (tightness) and accuracy (no errors) by a child passenger safety technician (CPST). Results: CRS manuals were the most common way caregivers learned to install a CRS. Primary care providers (PCP)s were the most frequently endorsed source of CRS safety information. There was no strong pattern of associations between prior exposure to resources and installation quality (security or accuracy), although some evidence supports protective effects of learning from CPSTs; 13% (19 out of 151) installations were secure and 57% (86 out of 151) installations were accurate. Conclusions: A focus on developing effective and lasting behavioral interventions is needed.

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Alarming trends in the improper use of motor vehicle restraints in children: implications for public policy and the development of race-based strategies for improving compliance

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Race disparities in firearm injuries and outcomes among Tennessee children

Race disparities in firearm injuries and outcomes among Tennessee children

Disparities in Age-Appropriate Child Passenger Restraint Use Among Children Aged 1 to 12 Years

Caregivers’ Use of Child Passenger Safety Resources and Quality of Future Child Restraint System Installations

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